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(CPU)
, , , , . Intel AMD, , , (1, 2, 4, 6, 8).
(. motherboard, MB, . mainboard ) , . , () , USB, PCI PCI-Express.
( , ) , .
:
DDR - , . DDR - 2.5 ( ), .
DDR2 - , . , .
DDR3 - .
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( , , ) (. videocard) , , , . , .
, , , , , , HDD , . . . SATA, IDE. , .
( ) (. sound card) , . ,
́ - , . 1970-1990
(CD, DVD) 8 12 . / (),
USBFlashDrive - , , , . USB. Windows 95, 98, Me, NT, 2000, . USB , USB (.1). 2, 4 8 Gb.
1.8. (rewriter) , :
CD-ROM - CD.
CD-RW - CD-RW -, CD-R CD-RW.
DVD-ROM - , - DVD.
DVD-CD-RW Combo - Combo-, , DVD-ROM CD-RW , , CD-R CD-RW, CD, DVD.
DVD-RW CD/DVD, CD-R/CD-RW-, DVD-R/DVD-RW/DVD+R/DVD+RW.
Blu -Ray, BD (blue ray ) , , . Blu-ray (BD) 23,3/25/27 33 , 46,6/50/54 66 .
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3..
70- Intel () 4004. ( , () -), - . , . ( ) . , , .
Intel 4004
, 4004 Intel 70- . 4- , . 4004 . (, ). Intel, , , , .
Intel 8080
8- 8080 (1974 .). . , BASIC. , 5- .
(1984 . ) . , 80-, 10 . . , , , .
Intel 8086
1976 Intel 16- 8086. (16 ) (20 ), 1 .
1982 80286. 8086. : , i8086, , . 80286 - 24 20 8086, 16 . 1984 . IBM System/370. , .
Intel 80286
1985 Intel 32- 80386, . , 32- 4 . 386 - 8086, , 8086, . - - 4 .
Intel 80386
386 , . , : -, , , , ( 32- -).
Intel 80486
386 486. . , 5 . - , . , - 512 . . . , ( 133 ) , .
1993 Intel Pentium. , . , .
Intel Pentium
Pentium . . ( u v) . - 8 8 . . , . 32-, 128- 256- . 64 . , .
Pentium Pro - . Pentium Pro . Pentium. .
Intel Pentium II
, Pentium Pro (Dynamic Execution). , , , , . ( , ). . Pentium Pro -. Pentium, 8 - 256 - . ( ) - , . Pentium Pro 36- , 64 .
Pentium . Pentium Pro , Pentium . , . , MMX- (MultiMedia eXtention - ), .
Intel Pentium III
, Pentium II, Pentium. , , . , .
Pentium III. , (, , ?!) - 70 , MMX-, . .
4. (), ().
( System board ) . " ", " " ( Motherboard ). , , , . , . , - "", .
. 12, 8 ( ). , ( ), , , . Gigabyte, 70 .
, , , . , , - , .
, (chipset) , . , . , , BIOS , . , , , . . , , , , . , AMD, Intel . , , . , . , ( PCI-E) , , . , , , Intel 80186, .
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, PC - ( ), . , , , , . . AT . - AT . - , . , . , . . AT , , , AT, . , 2.2. , , , - . , , .
, , ( -, - ). , , , , , , . , , , . , .
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FlexATX
| 9,0" (229 )
| 7,5" (191 )
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MicroATX
| 9,6" (244 )
| 9,6" (244 )
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ATX, Full-size
| 12,0" (305 )
| 9,6" (144 )
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Mini-ATX
| 11,2" (284 )
| 8,2" (208 )
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Intel 2004 . (Balanced Technology Extended), . ; . , /, . , , , - . , , , . , , - , - , Intel Pentium 4 Prescott Intel AMD.
, PC. , , , . , . , , . , , . 16 "", . ( socket ). (ZIF Zero Insertion Force), , Socket 370, . Socket 7, Pentium, Socket 370, Pentium III. , Socket 7 Intel, AMD. , , , . Intel Slot 1, AMD Slot . Pentium 4 Socket 423. Pentium 4 Socket 478 (mPGA478),
Intel Core 2 Pentium 4 ("") Socket LGA 775.
Intel Core i7, 2008 ., , , LGA 1366. 2009 . LGA 1156 Intel Core i5
. Athlon Socket 462, Socket . Opteron Athlon 64 Socket 940 ( Socket 939), Athlon 64 Socket 754 ( ). 940 2, , , .
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Socket 940
| Socket AM2
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2006 . AMD Athlon 64 FX AMD Athlon 64 X2 DDR2 Socket 2, ( 940); , . Phenom 2+, . , DDR3, .
, Socket 2/2+/. , 2010 ., 20072009 ., , , "", . . ( , , ). Opteron AMD64FX 1207- Socket F. , , "" . , . , , . , BIOS, .
, . , : AGP PCI-Expres 16, PCI- PCI Expres x l. Wi-Fi ( ). .
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect).. 23 PCI, 5- 6- PCI. PCI -. , PCI, , , , 5- 33 . , PCI 66 , .
AGP AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port). AGP , , AGP PCI. AGP . ! AGP, ( ). , AGP AGP. , .
2004 . Intel PCI Express, . , PCI Express. : 16, 8 xl. PCI Express 16 . , AGP, . . 2 PCI Express 16 ( 2 PCI Express 8), , , NVIDIA SLI (Scalable Link Interface). PCI Express xl . PCI Express 8,, , RAID-, ..
AC97 AMR (Audio/Modem Riser) CNR (Communications and Networking Riser) . . PCI, . , , - , "".
ISA (Industry Standard Architecture), , . . , IBM PC. ISA , Intel " -" .
, , . Gigabyte. 1 PCI pres 16 2 PCI Expres 8, ( .CrossFire AMD, NVIDIA SLI). . PCI Expres xl 4, PCI " ". "" (, ) . , , ( POST, , , ), .
, Intel Core i7, , 6 . , , FDD , , IDE. , .
, , . (chipset). , 12 .
, , South Bridge ( ) North Bridge ( ), -: , . , , .
, , , PCI Express AGP. . , , , VIA V-Link, SiS MuTIOL (Multi Threaded I/O Link). PCI, .
, , "" , . , - , , . , ( ), . , , .
- Intel G35, Intel Core 2 Duo. G35 GMCH (MCH), ICH8R (ICH). , : , , . 2 /. , PCI Express 16 PCI Express 8.
, . , - VIA 4900, . , VIA , VIA Vinyl Audio ( ).
Intel Core i7 . - 58. , Intel, , , . FSB QPI, HyperTransport AMD.. , , , .
86 - ( , ), , , , . , . , Intel AMD, . 45 . , , x86 Intel, NVIDIA, VIA AMD.
Intel ; IBM PC . . , , .
AMD 2006 . . 2006 . AMD ATI, CrossFire. AMD , Intel.
NVIDIA, , , . , , . , Pentium 4 .
VIA , Intel AMD. "" , .
Silicon Integrated Systems Corporation SiS . Socket 7 SiS , .
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