, XIX ., . . , . .
, , . , XIX ., . -, . -, , (. 2.2). , , , , , , - . , , , , . , .
, , . , , , .
2.2
(: , 1974)
() 1750-2200
:
, , .. 800-1000
250-500
700
() 80-100
50
():
1
2-3
4-6
3-5
3-4
2-4
3-4
2-4
():
1.5-2
3
5-6
16
2-3
6
3-4
5
3
3
() 400-500
:
400-450
50-100
()
(, .) 2
()
(, .) 25
() 80-100
:
20-25
2-3
0.3-0.06
5
():
800-1000
5-10
|
|
1000-1500
2-2.5
4000-6000
2
2500-5000
0.1-0.2
5000-7000
0.5
300-500
0.5
15
0.5-1.0
10-15
0.1-0.2
():
() 50-70
(B1) 1.5-2.0
(2) 2.0-2.5
() 15-25
(3) 5-10
(6) 2-3
(12) 0.002-0.005
0.15-0.30
500-1000
() 25
(9) 0.2-0.4
D ( ) 0.0025-0.1
(100-400 ME)
( ) 1.5-2.5
3.0-5.0
( ) 10-20 (5-30)
( ) 0.2-0.3
0.5
() 0.5-1.0
() 3000
, , . . . .
, , , , . , , . , , , . . , , , .
. , , , , ( ., 1988).
(FAO/WHU..., 1973) 0.57 1 0.45-0.52 - . . , 3-6 . 2 , (. 2.3).
2.3. (: FAO/WHO..., 1973) 3-6 . 10-12 . (/ ) 1.85 0.80 0.57 (/ ):
70 30 10 161 45 14 103 60 12 + 58 27 13 + 125 27 14 87 35 7 17 4 4 93 33 10 714 261 84 0.39 0.33 0.15
. , . . , , . 2.4, .
|
|
2.4. 18-35 (: Haenel, 1979) (/) 68 55 80 80 85 75 55 46 64 53 37 29 56 44 65 55 65 55 75 70 70 70 99 98 56 48 60 50 63 54 - 90 80 65 55 70 60
. 0.82 1 0.75 - . - 70 /. - 70 , - 60 . , 1 , , .
, , , .
- , . , , . . - , . , , , , .
, , : 1) - , , , ..; 2) ; 3) () (. 2.1). - , , .
, , , (. . 5) , . , , , , . , , , , . , , , , (. . 3).