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:

































 

 

 

 


1. , , .. , . , , , .

2. , . . , . .

86,31 (10) → 126,23 (8)

86 (10) → 126 (8) 86∟8 80 10∟8 6 8 1 2 0,31 (10) → 0,23 (8) 0, 31 * 8 2, 48 * 8 3, 84

3. ,
( 3).

() , () , ,
() .

86,31 (10) → 126,23 (8) → 1010110,010011 (2) → 56,4 (16)

4. , , .

1010110,010011(2)→1*26+0*25+1*24+0*23+1*22+1*22+1*21+0*20+0*2-1+1*2-2+

6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6

+0*2-3 +0*2-4 +1*2-5 +1*2-6=64+0+16+0+4+2+0+0+0,25+0+0,03+0,02=86,3(10)

, . , - . 2 .

1)
Ø .

2) , 1. , , , , , .

1. 1001110101, 011 + 11110110, 010 1101101011, 101 2. - 11011101011, 001 10101101, 011 11000111101, 110

2 −

0 + 0 = 0 0 0 = 0
1 + 0 = 1 1 0 = 1
0 + 1 = 1 1 1 = 0
1 + 1 = 10 10 1 = 1

3 −

0 000 0 0
1 001 1 1
2 010 2 2
3 011 3 3
4 100 4 4
5 101 5 5
6 110 6 6
7 111 7 7
8 1000 10 8
9 1001 11 9
10 1010 12
11 1011 13
12 1100 14
13 1101 15 D
14 1110 16 E
15 1111 17 F

:

: 437,49 19,63

1) :

437,49    
437∟8 432 54∟8 5 48 6 6 0, 49 * 8 3, 92 * 8 7, 36 437, 49 (10) → 665, 37 (8)
19,63    
19∟8 16 2 3 0, 63 * 8 5, 04 * 8 0, 32 19, 63 (10) → 23, 50 (8)

2) , :

437, 49 (10) → 665, 37 (8) → 110110101, 011111 (2) → 15, 7 (16)

 

19, 63 (10) → 23, 50 (8) → 10011, 101000 (2) → 13, (16)

3) :

110110101, 011111 + 10011, 101000 111001001, 000111 - 110110101, 011111 10011, 101000 110100001, 110111

4) :

111001001, 000111 → 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 1*2 8+1*2 7+1*2 6+1*2 3+1*2 0+1*2 -4+1*2 -5 +1*2 -6=
= 256+128+64+8+1+0,06+0,03+0,02 = 457,11 (10)

 

110100001, 110111 → 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 1*2 8+1*2 7+1*2 5+1*2 0+1*2 -1+1*2 -2+1*2 -4+1*2 -5+1*2 -6=
= 256+128+32+1+0,5+0,25+0,06+0,03+0,02 = 417,86 (10)

5) :

437, 49 + 19, 63 457, 12 437, 49 - 19, 63 417, 86

:

0,01. .

2.

. . (binary digit)
1 Ø . , . 8, 16, 32, 64 . 8 () . . (, , , ). :

1 ()=1024 =210

1 () = 220

1 () = 230

:

20 = 20 ; 20×8 = 160 ; 20/1024 = 0,0195

2)  
  10 3 1 15 16 3   10 3 1 15

: 103, 115, 163, 103

103 (10) → 1100111(2) → 147 (8) → 67 (16)

 

103∟2

102 51∟2

1 50 25∟2

1 24 12∟2

1 12 6∟2

0 6 3∟2

0 2 1

1

:

1100111 (2) → 1*2 6 +1*2 5 +0*2 4 +0*2 3 + 1*2 2 +1*2 1 +1*2 0 =

6 5 4 3 2 1 0

= 64 + 32 + 0 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 103 (10)

 

147 (8) → 1*8 2 +4*8 1 +7*8 0 = 64 + 32 + 7 = 103 (10)

2 1 0

 

67 (16) → 6*16 1 +7*16 0 = 96 + 7 = 103 (10) .. .

1 0



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