RSA , . , RSA , kB B "" Q, kB B, Q N.
N Q kB, B * kB = 1 (mod (φ (N)).
RSA φ (N)= ( -1)(Q -1). φ (N), Q . ,
x = P+Q = N-1 - φ(N),
= ( - Q)2 = ( + Q)2 - 4*N.
φ (N), ; , Q :
.
N. N.
RSA N Q , 50 . , N . RSA, ., , 130 , , 40 . - , .
, - NFS (Number Field Sieve) - N ( 120) ,
.
1994. 129 . . . 1600 , , . . ., RSA . RSA 200 . 250 - 300 .
20 , , . (.4) ( , ) . , , .
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RSA , .
RSA . , (), RSA, N, . RSA 1000 DES.
:
RSA 100 DES. , RSA .
, RSA , .
-
- 1984. - -. - , . RSA - , , , . , -.
- .
( - ), G, G < . G .
X, <. .
Y = GX (mod P). Y .
, , 1<< - 1, , (-1) .
a=GK (mod P),
b = YK (mod P).
(,b) . , .
(,b),
,
.
:
1. .
2. :
1) . - , .
2) .
3) , , .
3. , 1 < k < (p − 1). .
4. .
5. .
6. .
1. .
2. M :
3. .
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, 512-1024 .
:
. -, , p, g y x, :
34.10-1994, 1994 , , -. 2001. 34.10-2001, , . , -: DSA, ECDSA, KCDSA, .