. , .
, , , , , , . , , , .
, , , , , .. .
, , , , , .
.
, .
, , , , , .
1). 100 .
2). .
: 15% 50
1). 50: 100 15 = 7,5
2). 15% = 0,15 50 0,15 = 7,5
:
30% 40; 210% 14; 80 % 25; 2,5% 5; 0,4% 20
1). 100.
2). .
: . 40% 50
1). 50: 40 100 = 125
2). 40% = 0,4; 50: 0,4 = 125
:
1% 8; 3; 50; 1,4; 2; 0,5
, 30% 90; 20% 5;
200% 70; 75% 15; 1,2 % 24.
100.
, 100 %.
:
5 25
5: 25 100 = 20
|
|
4 8; 0,5 40; 15 10; 50 100; 75 50
.
:
ax + b = 0
1. ≠ 0 b≠0, x = - b/a,
2. = 0 b = 0. ;
3. = 0, b ≠ 0, .
:
:
a2 + bx + c = 0
D = b2 - 4ac
1,2= - b √ b2 - 4ac
a2 + bx + c = ( .1)( 2)
:
52 + 3x - 8 = 0
52 + 3x - 8 = ( - 1)(5 + 8)
.
.
, , , , .
, .
-
-
-
. . .
= x + b
> 0, , < 0,
= a2 + bx + c
= a2
= /, > 0, 1 3 , < 0, 2 4
2
, , .. ( ) ( ).
= f(n) .
.
:
= 2n 1; 1=1, 2 =3, 3=5..
= n / (2n + 1); 1=1/3, 2 =2/5, 3=3/7, 4=4/9, 5 =5/11, 6=6/13 → ½
= n / (n + 1); 1=1/2, 2 =2/3, 3=3/4, 4=4/5, 5 =5/6, 6=6/7 → 1
= (n+1) / n; 1=2, 2 =3/2, 3=4/3, 4=5/4, 5 =6/5, 6=7/6 → 1
= (1+(-1)n) / n; 0; 1; 0; 1/2; 0; 1/3; 0; ¼→ 0
1+ (-1)n-1) / n; 1+1/1; 1-1/2; 1+1/2; 1-1/4..→ 1
_______,_____,__,__,____,____,________________,__
1/2 3/4 5/6 1 1+1/5 1+1/3 2
n 1
. b ,, n, , b
lim Xn = b
n→∞
│ -1│=│1+(-1)n-1) / n -1│=│(-1)n-1) / n │= 1/ n
n .
n = 10 1/n = 1/10 11 < 0,1.
|
|
n = 100 1/n = 1/100 101 < 0,01.
, έ , (N0), N > N0, │ - b│< έ,
..
(1 έ; 1+ έ), 1- έ < , < έ + 1
. b ,, έ >0 N(έ), n>N │ - b│< έ
. f (x) →, , f (x) .
lim f (x) =
→
. f (x) →, έ >0, δ >0 , 0<│ - │< δ,
│ f (x) - b │< έ
.
:
. .
Lim =
→
f1(x) f2(x),
lim [f1(x) f2(x)]= limf1(x) limf2(x)
→ࠠ → →
lim [f1(x)f2(x)]= lim f1(x) lim f2(x)
→ࠠ →ࠠ →
lim [f1(x) ∕ f2(x)]= lim f1(x) ∕ lim f2(x)]; lim f2(x)] # 0
→ࠠ →ࠠ →ࠠ →
.
(42 -1)/(2-1)
lim (42 -1)/(2-1) = (2-1)(2+1)/(2-1) =13,
→6
=6
lim (42 -1)/(2-1) = (2-1)(2+1)/(2-1) =2
→1/2
(.) = ½, 2.
, , =, . .
. f (x) (..) →,
lim f (x)= 0
→
. lim 2 -4 =0 - ..
→2
lim 2 -4 =-3 - ..
→1
. f (x) ,
lim f (x)= ∞ ..
→
.. .. →∞.
.. .. , .
1. , .
2. . .
3. :
1) .
2) .. .. .
:
1). .. .. .
2). .
3). .. .. ..
, . , .
: Lim
→1
,
: ∞/∞; 0/∞; 0/0 ..
1. .
: Lim
→ ∞
|
|
2.
: Lim
→ -2
. 1 →, , > a, 1 .
lim f (x)= 1
→+0
:
. 2 →, , < a, 2 .
lim f(x)= 2 1 = 2= ,
→-0
:. . 7.46,7.47;7.48;7.51
. = 1/(+2)
lim 1/(+2) = - ∞
→-2-0
lim 1/(+2) = + ∞
→-2+0
= /(-3)
lim /(-3) = + ∞ lim /(-3) = - ∞
→-3-0 →-3+0
1.
1 2 , f (x 1) f (x 2) y = f (x), ∆= x 2 x 1, [ x 2, x 1 ], ∆= f (x 2) - f (x 1)= f (x+∆) f (x), ∆ .
:
=2-2+3
) 1=0 2= 1;
) 1=-1 2=3;
) ∆= x2 x1 =1- 0 = 1; ∆ = 1-2+3-3= -1
) ∆= x2 x1 = 3-(-1) = 4; ∆ = 9-6+3-(1+2+3) = 0
. 7.175; 7.178-7.180
y = f (x) (.) = , , .
lim ∆ = 0
∆→0
y = f (x) (.) = , :
- (.) = , . (.) = , f ();
- , .. lim f (x)= ;
→
- (.) = , ... lim f (x)= = f ().
→
.
.
= y = f (x), = , = .
.
, ( ).
. , lim f(x)= lim f(x) ≠ f() →-0 →+0
, lim f(x) ≠ lim f(x) ≠ f()
→-0 →+0
f(+0) - f(+0) = .
, .
. = 1/(+3)
(-∞;-3) (-3; +∞)
lim 1/(+3) = - ∞
|
|
→-3-0
lim 1/(+3) = + ∞
→-3+0
=-3, .. .
.
. =1/(1+21/)
≠ 0
lim 1/(1+21/) = 1
→-- 0
lim 1/(1+21/) = 0
→-+ 0
=0, - . .
.
. = 1/(+5)2
(-∞;-5) (-5; +∞)
lim 1/(+5)2 = + ∞
→-5-0
lim 1/(+5)2 = + ∞
→-5+0
= -5, .. .
.
.
≤ 0
2 0 < ≤ 1
x +1 >1
:
lim 2= 1 lim +1= 2 lim 2= 0 lim = 0
→10 →1+ 0 →+ 0 →- 0
1- =1
.
. =31/
≠ 1
lim 31/ = 0
→- 0
lim 31/ = +∞
→+0
= 0, .. .
. y = f (x) ∆ ∆, 0.
⁄ = lim ∆/∆
∆→0
, y=f(x) (.) .