.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


.

 

. , .

, , , , , , . , , , .

, , , , , .. .

, , , , , .

.

, .

, , , , , .


1). 100 .

2). .

: 15% 50

1). 50: 100 15 = 7,5

2). 15% = 0,15 50 0,15 = 7,5

:

30% 40; 210% 14; 80 % 25; 2,5% 5; 0,4% 20

1). 100.

2). .

: . 40% 50

1). 50: 40 100 = 125

2). 40% = 0,4; 50: 0,4 = 125

:

 

1% 8; 3; 50; 1,4; 2; 0,5

, 30% 90; 20% 5;

200% 70; 75% 15; 1,2 % 24.

100.

, 100 %.

:

5 25

5: 25 100 = 20

4 8; 0,5 40; 15 10; 50 100; 75 50

.


:

ax + b = 0

1. ≠ 0 b≠0, x = - b/a,

2. = 0 b = 0. ;

3. = 0, b ≠ 0, .

:

 

:

a2 + bx + c = 0

D = b2 - 4ac

1,2= - b √ b2 - 4ac

 

a2 + bx + c = ( .1)( 2)

:

52 + 3x - 8 = 0

52 + 3x - 8 = ( - 1)(5 + 8)

.

.

 

, , , , .

, .

-

-

-

 

. . .

= x + b

> 0, , < 0,

= a2 + bx + c

= a2

= /, > 0, 1 3 , < 0, 2 4

 

 


2

, , .. ( ) ( ).

= f(n) .

.

:

 

= 2n 1; 1=1, 2 =3, 3=5..

= n / (2n + 1); 1=1/3, 2 =2/5, 3=3/7, 4=4/9, 5 =5/11, 6=6/13 → ½

= n / (n + 1); 1=1/2, 2 =2/3, 3=3/4, 4=4/5, 5 =5/6, 6=6/7 → 1

= (n+1) / n; 1=2, 2 =3/2, 3=4/3, 4=5/4, 5 =6/5, 6=7/6 → 1

= (1+(-1)n) / n; 0; 1; 0; 1/2; 0; 1/3; 0; ¼→ 0

1+ (-1)n-1) / n; 1+1/1; 1-1/2; 1+1/2; 1-1/4..→ 1

_______,_____,__,__,____,____,________________,__

1/2 3/4 5/6 1 1+1/5 1+1/3 2

n 1

. b ,, n, , b

lim Xn = b

n→∞

-1│=│1+(-1)n-1) / n -1│=│(-1)n-1) / n │= 1/ n

n .

n = 10 1/n = 1/10 11 < 0,1.

n = 100 1/n = 1/100 101 < 0,01.

, έ , (N0), N > N0, │ - b│< έ,

..

(1 έ; 1+ έ), 1- έ < , < έ + 1

. b ,, έ >0 N(έ), n>N │ - b│< έ

. f (x) →, , f (x) .

lim f (x) =

. f (x) →, έ >0, δ >0 , 0<│ - │< δ,

│ f (x) - b │< έ

.

:

. .

Lim =

f1(x) f2(x),

lim [f1(x) f2(x)]= limf1(x) limf2(x)

→ࠠ → →

lim [f1(x)f2(x)]= lim f1(x) lim f2(x)

→ࠠ →ࠠ →

 

lim [f1(x) ∕ f2(x)]= lim f1(x) ∕ lim f2(x)]; lim f2(x)] # 0

→ࠠ →ࠠ →ࠠ →

.

(42 -1)/(2-1)

lim (42 -1)/(2-1) = (2-1)(2+1)/(2-1) =13,

→6

=6

lim (42 -1)/(2-1) = (2-1)(2+1)/(2-1) =2

→1/2

(.) = ½, 2.

, , =, . .

. f (x) (..) →,

lim f (x)= 0

. lim 2 -4 =0 - ..

→2

lim 2 -4 =-3 - ..

→1

 

. f (x) ,

lim f (x)= ∞ ..

.. .. →∞.

.. .. , .

1. , .

2. . .

3. :

1) .

2) .. .. .

:

1). .. .. .

2). .

 

3). .. .. ..

, . , .

: Lim

→1

,

 

: ∞/∞; 0/∞; 0/0 ..

 

1. .

: Lim

2.

 

: Lim

-2

. 1 →, , > a, 1 .

lim f (x)= 1

→+0

:

. 2 →, , < a, 2 .

lim f(x)= 2 1 = 2= ,

→-0

 

:. . 7.46,7.47;7.48;7.51

 

. = 1/(+2)

lim 1/(+2) = - ∞

→-2-0

lim 1/(+2) = + ∞

→-2+0

 

= /(-3)

lim /(-3) = + ∞ lim /(-3) = - ∞

→-3-0 →-3+0


1.

1 2 , f (x 1) f (x 2) y = f (x), ∆= x 2 x 1, [ x 2, x 1 ], ∆= f (x 2) - f (x 1)= f (x+∆) f (x), ∆ .

:

=2-2+3

) 1=0 2= 1;

) 1=-1 2=3;

) ∆= x2 x1 =1- 0 = 1; ∆ = 1-2+3-3= -1

) ∆= x2 x1 = 3-(-1) = 4; ∆ = 9-6+3-(1+2+3) = 0

. 7.175; 7.178-7.180

y = f (x) (.) = , , .

lim ∆ = 0

∆→0

y = f (x) (.) = , :

- (.) = , . (.) = , f ();

- , .. lim f (x)= ;

- (.) = , ... lim f (x)= = f ().

.

.

 

= y = f (x), = , = .

 

.

, ( ).

. , lim f(x)= lim f(x) ≠ f() →-0 →+0

, lim f(x) ≠ lim f(x) ≠ f()

→-0 →+0

f(+0) - f(+0) = .

 

, .

 

. = 1/(+3)

(-∞;-3) (-3; +∞)

lim 1/(+3) = - ∞

→-3-0

lim 1/(+3) = + ∞

→-3+0

=-3, .. .

.

. =1/(1+21/)

≠ 0

lim 1/(1+21/) = 1

→-- 0

lim 1/(1+21/) = 0

→-+ 0

=0, - . .

.

. = 1/(+5)2

(-∞;-5) (-5; +∞)

lim 1/(+5)2 = + ∞

→-5-0

lim 1/(+5)2 = + ∞

→-5+0

= -5, .. .

.

 

.

≤ 0

2 0 < ≤ 1

x +1 >1

 

:

lim 2= 1 lim +1= 2 lim 2= 0 lim = 0

→10 →1+ 0 →+ 0 →- 0

1- =1

.

. =31/

≠ 1

lim 31/ = 0

→- 0

lim 31/ = +∞

→+0

= 0, .. .


. y = f (x) ∆ ∆, 0.

= lim ∆/∆

∆→0

, y=f(x) (.) .



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