Through our student work experience program, the education authority provides over 9,000 work experience placements (= jobs for students who want to get work experience) for young people each year. Our program is designed to give chance to work for students that will enrich their academic studies and help them gain valuable work-related skills in order to find a good job after graduation. A job does not need to be related to a particular field of study and so participants may even discover areas of work they have never considered before.
All post-secondary school students in full-time education can apply for the program. Individual case managers will determine the minimum level academic achievement required for each job. During an academic term, a student may work part-time. During the summer holidays a student may work full-time or part-time. The education authority is responsible for the recruitment (=giving jobs) of all students under the work experience program. Candidates apply in person to our office and we refer them to the appropriate department.
Our internship program (= the program under which young people can work while still studying) is designed specifically for post-secondary students, whether part-time or full-time. Students on the internship program are given an assignment related to their research area offering them the chance to use their academic knowledge in an actual work setting. The academic institution plays an important role in the placement of students under this program and they will determine the duration of a work assignment. These traditionally last four months, but internship assignment may vary from 4 to 18 months. Students in this program normally work full-time.
1. Say if it is true, false or there is no information in the text.
1. You can apply for the work experience program if you have finished your secondary education.
2. You must work on the student work experience program full-time during the academic term.
3. This program helps students to find a good job after graduation.
4. You are not allowed to take part in the internship and work experience programs if you have bad marks.
2. Say which paragraph deals with the following statements.
a) To take part in the work experience program, you must come to our office.
b) The maximum length of an internship assignment is a year and a half.
3. Choose the correct answer.
Who is in charge of providing the participants of the program with jobs?
1. The students have to find jobs themselves.
2. The participants are given placements by their University administration.
3. The education authority is responsible for finding jobs for all students under this program.
4. Choose the adequate summary of the text.
1. All secondary and post-secondary school students must get work experience.
2. If you are a student and want to get work experience, you may take part in the work experience program and work full-time or part-time.
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3. It is not easy to find a good job after graduation, therefore you must work hard during the academic term and pass exams successfully.
UNIT THREE
ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES
L e s s o n 1
Phonetic Exercises
I. [aI] [aIt] II. [es] III. [Z]
mild light famous usual
child right humorous pleasure
wild might mountainous measure
mind bright various treasure
kind night enormous leisure
IV. 1. Time flies! V. 1. Measure for measure.
2. Mind your eye! 2. Eat at pleasure, drink with measure.
3. My childs bright.
4. I quite like Mike.
VI. -ate
[eit] (verbs) [it] (adjectives, nouns)
separate separate
graduate graduate
cooperate cooperate
appropriate appropriate
delegate delegate
moderate moderate
Vocabulary
Learn the following words:
actually
area ,
coast
to consist of
government
to influence
island
isle ( )
to be known for
lake
mountain
plain
population
relief ,
to separate
to be situated
state
temperate
to unite
to vary ,
Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
official language [q'fiSql 'lxNgwidZ], isle ['ail], island ['aIlqnd], kilometer ['kilq"mJtq], ocean ['ouSqn], climate ['klaimit], mild ['maild], temperate ['temp(q)rit], mountain ['mauntin], vary ['vFqrI].
Mind some proper names:
the United Kingdom (UK)
Wales (Welsh) (, )
Scotland
Northern Ireland
Edinburgh ['edinbqrq]
Manchester ['mxntSqstq]
Birmingham ['bWmiNqm]
Glasgow ['glRzgou]
the British Isles
the Continent = Europe
the English Channel -
the Strait of Dover
the Atlantic Ocean
the Irish Sea ['aIqriS]
the North Sea
Read and translate the following text.
Great Britain (Geographical Definition)
When we speak about the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland we actually speak about four countries united into one state: England, Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland. Each of these countries has its language, its capital, and its government. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast. At the same time London is the capital of the United Kingdom. English is the official language, but some people also speak Scottish, Welsh and Irish.
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The population of the country is over 57 million people. There are many beautiful cities in Great Britain: Liverpool and Manchester, Glasgow and Edinburgh, Belfast and Birmingham.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles to the north-west of Europe. The British Isles consist of two large and about 5000 small islands.
Their total area is over 244,000 square kilometres, the English Channel (or La Manche) and the Strait of Dover (or Pas de Calais) separate them from the Continent. The Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea wash the West Coast of the country. The East Coast is washed by the North Sea.
The relief of the British Isles varies very much. The north and the west of England are mountainous, but all the rest east, centre and south is a vast plain. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain in the UK (it is only 1,343 m. high). There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain but they are not very
long. The Severn is the longest river, running from east to west. The Thames is the deepest and the most important river, where London is situated. The Lake District in Northern England with its lakes and valleys is a favourite holiday area. Scotland is also known for the beauty of the lakes, called lochs.
The mountains and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It can be described as mild and temperate. Winters are warm but summers are cool and wet. Rain falls all the year round. Thick fogs in autumn are typical of the climate of Great Britain.
Show the following on the map of Britain:
1) large and small islands which belong to the British area;
2) seas and oceans Great Britain is washed by;
3) the English Channel which separates the UK from the Continent;
4) the highest mountains Ben Nevis and Snowdon;
5) the capital cities of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland;
6) the most important industrial cities;
7) the native town of The Beatles.
Answer the following questions.
1. What is the official name of Great Britain?
2. What countries does the UK consist of?
3. What languages are spoken in the UK?
4. How large is the population of Great Britain?
5. Where is the country situated?
6. What seas and ocean is Great Britain washed by?
7. The surface of Great Britain varies much, doesnt it?
8. What river does London stand on?
9. Why is the British climate mild?
10. What is characteristic of Britains climate?
* Ask your group-mates.
1) what the total area of the country is;
2) if English is the official language of Great Britain;
3) what the biggest cities of the UK are;
4) what it is separated by from the continent;
5) what the highest mountain in Great Britain is;
6) if there are a lot of long and deep rivers in Great Britain;
7) what Scotland is known for;
8) if the Lake District is situated in Scotland.
Lexical Exercises
Exercise 1. Choose the right word from the list.
(to wash, to consist, area, to separate, to vary, climate, mountainous, typical, influence)
1. In spite of its small Australia is one of the leading agricultural countries in the world.
2. The USA of 50 states joined in a federal republic.
3. Alaska is from Russian Siberia by only 50 miles of the Bering Strait.
4. New Zealand comprises two islands by the south-western Pacific Ocean.
5. The changeability is of Irish weather.
6. The surface of Great Britain very much.
7. The mild of this country is good for plants and flowers.
8. Deserts and semi-deserts greatly the climate of Australia.
9. The territory of the Caucasus attracts a lot of tourists with its beauty.
Exercise 2. Arrange a) and b) in pairs of synonyms.
a) to unite, area, relief, to influence, mild, temperate;
b) surface, to join, soft, moderate, territory, to affect
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Exercise 3. Arrange a) and b) in pairs of antonyms.
a) to unite, north, west, mountain, deep, warm, short, beautiful;
b) cold, ugly, to separate, south, plain, long, east, shallow.
Exercise 4. Fill in the prepositions if necessary.
1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland occupies most the territory the British Isles.
2. We speak four countries united one state.
3. The population Scotland is about five and a half million people.
4. Great Britain is separated the Continent the English Channel and the Strait of Dover.
5. The East Coast is washed the North Sea.
6. The Severn is flowing England and Wales.
7. North Wales is a country mountains and deep valleys.
8. The mountains and the warm waters Gulf Stream influence the climate the British Isles.
9. Heavy rains in autumn are typical the mountainous part of Britain.
* Exercise 5. Fill in the blanks with the prepositions if necessary.
The climate Australia varies tropical cool and temperate. Australia is the driest continent the Earth. About one half its territory is occupied deserts () and semi-deserts. The commonest trees Australia are the eucalyptus [jHkq'liptqs], which there are over 500 kinds.
There are also ocacia [q'keiSq] or mimosa [mi'mouzq], which is the national emblem Australia. Even stranger than plants () are the animals. There live kangaroos, duck-bills, koalas (or koala-bear) and a great number different birds, parrots them.
Exercise 6. Translate the words in brackets into English.
1. When we speak about the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ( , ).
2. ( ) but some people also speak Scottish, Welsh and Irish.
3. The population of the country is (57 . , 80 % ) live in cities and towns.
4. Their total area is over (244,000 ).
5. The Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea ( ).
6. The north and the west of England are mountainous ( , ).
7. The Thames is ( ). London () on the Thames.
8. ( ) the climate of the British Isles.
9. Rain falls ( ).
Exercise 7. Form the adjectives from the following nouns using the suffix -ous. Translate them into Russian.
Fame, danger, mystery, glory, mountain.
Grammar Exercises
Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks with the articles if necessary. 1.5.
1. Moscow is situated on Moskva River. There is canal called Moscow-Volga Canal which joins Moscow to Volga. Volga runs into Caspian Sea.
2. Several rivers run into sea at New York. The most important is Hudson River which flows into Atlantic Ocean.
3. Altai Mountains are higher than Urals.
4. Neva flows into Gulf of Finland.
5. Kazbek is the highest peat of Caucasus.
6. Shetland Isles are situated to north of Great Britain.
7. Black Sea is in south of the country.
8. Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world.
9. Europe and America are separated from each other by Atlantic Ocean.
* Exercise 2. Read these sentences carefully. Some are correct, but some are not. Correct the sentences where necessary. 1.5.
Model: Milan is in north of Italy Wrong
Milan is in the north of Italy Right.
1. Last year we visited Canada and United States.
2. South of England is warmer than north.
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3. We went to Spain for our holidays and swam in Mediterranean.
4. Tom has visited most countries in Western Europe.
5. My friend worked as a reporter in Middle East.
6. Next year we are going skiing in Swiss Alps.
7. Malta has been a republic since 1974.
8. Nile is the longest river in Africa.
9. United Kingdom consists of Britain and Northern Ireland.
* Exercise 3. Give the correct form of the adjectives in brackets. 2.1.
1. Which is (large): the United States or Canada?
2. What is the name of the (big) part in the United States?
3. The London underground is the (old) in the world.
4. There is a (great) number of cars and buses in the streets of Moscow than in any other city of Russia.
5. The rivers in America are much (long) than those in England.
6. What is the name of the (high) mountain in Asia?
7. The English Channel is (wide) than the Straits of Gibraltar.
8. She speaks Italian (good) than English.
9. My sister speaks English (bad) than I do.
Exercise 4. Read and translate these sentences. 2.2.
1. This book is as good as that one.
This book is not as (so) good as that one.
2. Mary has as many books as Peter (has).
Mary hasnt so many books as Peter (has).
3. Nick speaks French as well as John (does).
Nick doesnt speak French (so) as well as John (does).
4. He can run as fast as his father (can).
He cannot run as fast as his father (can).
Exercise 5. Read and translate these sentences. 2.2.
1. The warmer the weather, the better I feel.
2. The earlier we leave, the sooner we will arrive.
3. The more expensive the hotel, the better the service.
4. The more you have, the more you want.
5. The more goods you sell, the more profit youll make.
6. The more I got to know him the more I liked him.
* Exercise 6. Translate into English.
1. .
2. ?
3. .
4. o .
5. Dallos, Ethiopia.
6. - .
** Exercise 7. Find the mistakes and correct the sentences. 2.
1. Im busier than my little sister.
2. London is more old than New York.
3. Do you know the shortest way to the station?
4. Be activer at your lesson, please.
5. She is the most pretty girl Ive ever known.
6. The boy is as taller as his father.
7. Baseball is the popularest summer sport in America.
8. Yesterday he started to feel more bad.
9. Soon it began to get more darker and it was time to go back home.
10. Marys answer is correcter than yours.
11. Can you come more early next time?
Exercise 8. Translate the sentences paying attention to the phrasal verbs.
1. Put on your warm jacket, its cold outside. 2. The meeting was put off because the foreign visitors failed to arrive in time. 3. It took a long time to put out the fire. 4. In many cultures, it is a custom to take off your shoes when you enter a house. 5. The plane took off at 5 p.m. 6. Jimmie takes after his father. 7. Marys husband took to playing cards. 8. My uncle ran away from home at the age of fifteen. 9. John, we have run out of coffee. Please, go and buy it. 10. I ran into an old school-friend at the supermarket.
* Exercise 9. Insert the phrasal verbs from ex.8.
1. I think, well our trip because of the weather. 2. My plane in five minutes. 3. The neighbours the fire before the firemen arrived. 4. Dont forget to your new earrings for the party. 5. your hat when you enter the university. 6. Problem children often from their own homes. 7. When the boy grew up, he reading, and read all the books he could find. 8. Ann her mother, they are both hardworking. 9. I my English teacher at the movies last night. 10. Will you go to the supermarket, please? Weve milk and sugar.
TEXTS FOR SUPPLEMENTARY READING
*TEXT 1
1. Complete the text with the right words and entitle it.
(situated, island, continents, to consist, Isles, official, surrounded, language, federation, Prime Minister, laws, country, capital, to discover.)
Even in medieval times there were stories about a large continent in the Southern Hemisphere. But Europeans had never seen it. They wonder what it was like and whether it was inhabited. They called this land terra australis incognita, which means in Latin the unknown southern land. Australia was only in the 17th century, and after the expedition of James Cook in 1770 it became a British colony.
Australia is on the fifth and the smallest of the . It is the largest in the world. It is smaller than the United States and much bigger than the British . Besides the continent of Australia of a number of small islands. The name of the is the Commonwealth of Australia. It is by the seas from all sides. The official of the country is English. The of Australia is Canberra. Australia is a of six states. The Federal Parliament makes . The government is headed by the .
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2. Compare the geographical location and the administrative system of the UK and of Australia. Use the following: both and, larger than , (not) as as, whereas, etc.
*TEXT 2
1. Read the text and say if you know these facts.
The humid and mild climate of Great Britain is good for plants and flowers. Some of them have become symbols in the UK. Probably you know that the poppy is the symbol of peace, the red rose is the national emblem of England, the thistle is the national emblem of Scotland and the Edinburgh International Festival. The daffodils and the leek are the emblems of Wales, the shamrock (a kind of clover) is the emblem of Ireland.
The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of three crosses. The upright red cross is the cross of St. George, the patron saint of England. The white diagonal cross is the cross of St. Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. The red diagonal cross is the cross of St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland.
2. Read and reproduce the jokes.
1) Teacher: Which is nearer to us, England or the moon?
Tommy: The moon, sir.
Teacher: The moon? Why do you think so?
Tommy: Because we can see the moon, and we cannot see England.
2) The harder it rains, the better I like it.
You must be an optimist.
No, I am an umbrella seller!
3) What is the weather like in England?
The weather changes in our country more often than in other countries, that is why we say: Other countries have a climate, in England we have weather.
L e s s o n 2
Vocabulary
Learn the following words and expressions:
to appoint
chamber
disadvantage
general election
the House of Commons
hereditary
highly developed
to hold (held, held)
legislative power
manufacture
majority
nevertheless
offshore
raw material
to receive
to rule
significant
vehicle
Practice the pronunciation of the following words:
parliamentary ["pRlq'mentqri], monarchy ['mOnqki], hereditary [hi'redit(q)ri], party [pRti], Labour ['leibq'], Conservative [kqn'sWvativ], industry ['indqstri], industrial [in'dAstrial], vehicle ['vi:ikl].
Great Britain (Political Definition)
The United Kingdom is a parliamentary monarchy. The Queen is the official head of the state. But it is more a tradition than a real fact. In practice the country is ruled by an elected parliament. The legislative power in the country belongs to the British Parliament, which consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The seats are partly hereditary in the House of Lords, but the members of the House of Commons are elected every 5 years.
In Great Britain there are three main political parties: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal. Every five years a general election is held. The party which receives the majority in the House of Commons becomes the party in power and its leader is appointed Prime Minister by the Monarch.
The great disadvantage of Britains industry is that it has very few raw materials. Only offshore petroleum and natural gas reserves are significant. Nevertheless the United Kingdom is a highly developed industrial country. Major manufactures include motor vehicles, aerospace equipment, electronic data-processing and telecommunication equipment, petrochemicals. Shipbuilding, fishing and publishing also are important economic industries.
Great Britain is a birthplace of many famous poets, novelists, scientists and politicians: R. Burns and Ch. Dickens, C. Doyle and L. Caroll, Ch.Darwin and I. Newton, Admiral Lord Nelson and W. Churchill.
Answer the following questions.
1. What kind of state is the UK?
2. Who rules Britain officially? Who rules Britain in practice?
3. What party won the last general election? Who is the PM now?
4. Great Britain isnt rich in mineral resources, is it?
5. Do you know any famous Englishmen?
Ask your group-mates:
1) how many chambers Parliament consists of;
2) what the main political parties of Great Britain are;
3) if the Queen rules the country in practice;
4) if he (she) knows her name;
5) what Great Britain produces and exports.
Lexical Exercises
Exercise 1. Choose the right word (raw materials, legislative, election, the majority, birthplace, to appoint).
1. Parliamentary must be held every five years.
2. In reality, the House of Commons is the only one which has true power.
3. The party which wins of seats forms the government.
4. He was Prime Minister last year.
5. Offshore petroleum and natural gas are major of Britains industry.
6. The of Shakespeare is Stratford-upon-Avon, a small English town.
Exercise 2. Arrange a) and b) in pairs of synonyms.
a) main, general, legislative, official, receive, disadvantage, oil
b) formal, get, chief, shortcoming, petroleum, common, law-making.
* Exercise 3. Fill in the blanks with prepositions if necessary.
1. The UK's form government is a constitutional monarchy a parliamentary system.
2. the USA a large amount legislative power belongs State governments.
3. Scotland is known coal and oil production, forestry and marine fishing.
Exercise 4. Read the sentences translating the words in brackets into English.
1. The UK ( ).
2. Members of the House of Lords ( ).
3. The Prime Minister ( ).
4. The party of power ( ).
5. A general election ( 4 ).
6. The seats in the House of Lords ( ).
7. Iron, coal, oil belong to ( ).
8. The UK is ( ).
9. () one of the most important ().
Exercise 5. Finish the sentences:
The Queen is the official head of the UK, but in practice The British Parliament, which consists of Members of the House of Commons There are three main political parties Every four years The Prime Minister is Great Britain is not rich in The UK exports
Grammar Exercises
Exercise 1. Use the Present Perfect Tense. 8.4.1.
1. Everyone (to hear) of a real English breakfast. 2. you (to have) your lunch yet? 3. Here is your watch. I just (to find) it. 4. I (not to go) boating since last Wednesday. 5. you (to see) John lately? 6. Where is your key? I (to lose) it. 7. The police (to arrest) two men in connection with the robbery. 8. Peter failed in the exam. He (not to work) hard this term. 9. Who is absent? Ann. She (to be) ill for a week. 10. What time is he leaving? He (to leave) already.
* Exercise 2. Use the Present Simple or the Present Perfect. 8.2, 8.4.
1. Normally I (to have) breakfast at 9 in the morning. 2. I (to have) just my breakfast. 3. He (to write) letters to his mother once a week. 4. He (to receive) three letters this week. 5. We (to work) hard lately. 6. I (not to see) much of her for the last few days. 7. Students (to take) exams at the end of each term. 8. You ever (to visit) your relatives? 9. It (to rain) every Sunday since we arrived here. 10. They (to be) friends since childhood. 11. It long (to be) my dream to visit the Bolshoi Theatre. 12. She (to dream) of becoming a teacher.
Exercise 3. Answer the following questions.
1. Have you ever been to Great Britain or the US?
2. Have you seen the new play by this author?
3. What films have you seen this month?
4. Have you had your lunch yet? What have you had for lunch?
5. What English books have you read lately?
6. When did you begin to learn English? Did you know English when you were a child? How long have you learned English?
8. Have you ever spoken to English-speaking foreigners? When did you speak to them?
* Exercise 4. Say, what three important things you have done this month and what three important things you havent done yet.
Exercise 5. Use the Past Perfect tense. 8.4.2.
1. She hoped that I (to pay for the tickets already). 2. When we came the performance (to begin). 3. He went to bed as soon as he (to switch off the TV-set). 4. By the end of the year she (to play in two films). 5. When they came home the football match (to finish). 6. By the time the producer arrived the actress (to learn her part). 7. She went for a holiday after she (to pass the exam).
* Exercise 6. Use the Past Simple or the Past Perfect. 8.2, 8.4.
1. I (to translate) two pages yesterday. 2. By the end of the week they (to translate) the first part of the book. 3. When you (to receive) a letter from her last? 4. When I (to phone) them they (not to be) ready yet. 5. We (to find) nobody in the house when we (to come) but we (to have) a feeling that somebody (to be) there before. 6. He (to understand) the book only after he (to read) it again.
Exercise 7. Read the dialogue and compare the use of the Past Simple and the Past Perfect Tenses. Make up your dialogue.
Mary: Why did you go home before the party had finished?
John: I had forgotten to switch my TV-set off.
Mary: What had happened when you got home?
John: My brother had switched it off for me.
Mary: Then why didnt you come back to the party?
John: Oh, I had left the TV on deliberately () because I didnt want to stay at the party.
** Exercise 8. Use the correct tense forms.
1. He (to find) that the lady (not to be) so young as he (to expect). 2. When Frederik II (to see) a new soldier in his army he always (to ask) the same questions: How old you (to be)? How long you (to serve) in my army? 3. Since 1147 the name of Moscow (to be) on the pages of history. 4. Prince Yuri Dolgoruky (to found) Moscow. 5. You (to make) the tour of Moscow? Yes, we (to make the acquaintance) of all its sights yesterday.
Exercise 9. Use the Future Perfect Tense. 8.4.3.
1. When the uncle returns from Australia his son (to grow up). 2. By the end of this year I (to learn) English very well. 3. Ill need this magazine. you (to look it through) by morning? 4. If you come at 9 the concert (to finish). 5. We mustnt be late. They (to eat) everything by the time we come. 6. Before they choose a suitable house they (to see) hundreds of them. 7. When you go out it (to stop raining). 8. By the end of May she (to pass) all the exams.
Exercise 10. Translate into English using the verbs in the Present, Past or Future Simple Passive. 8.7.
蠠
蠠
蠠
蠠
蠠
蠠
蠠
Exercise 11. Use the verbs in brackets in the Present, Past or Future Simple Passive. 8.7.
1. Australia often (to visit) by tourists from other countries? 2. Queen Elizabeth II (to crown) in 1952. 3. English (to speak) as a second language by many people in India, Pakistan and numerous countries in Africa. 4. The members of the House of Commons (to elect) by people. 5. This programme (not to show) on TV tomorrow. 6. In 1066, England (to conquer) by the Normans. 7. Why the newspapers (not to bring) yesterday? 8. Scotland (to join) into the UK in 1707, after a long struggle for its independence.
* Exercise 12. Change these sentences into Passive. Pay attention to the prepositions. 8.7.
E.g. We often speak about her. She is often spoken about.
1. We thought about our friend all the time. 2. The doctor will operate on him in a week. 3. They looked for the newspaper everywhere. 4. Everybody listened to the lecturer with great attention. 5. The group spoke to the headmistress yesterday. 6. The young mothers look after their babies with great care. 7. Nobody lives in that old house. 8. They sent for Jim and told him to prepare a report on that subject.
* Exercise 13. Rewrite these sentences using the Passive Voice. 8.7.
Model: They didnt give me the money. → I wasnt given the money.
1. The asked him some difficult questions at the interview.
2. Anns friends were telling her an interesting story, when I came.
3. Nobody told me that George was ill.
4. How much will they pay you?
5. The landlady gave them the cottage for a week.
6. Has anybody shown you what to do?
7. The company will offer him this job, I think.
Exercise 14. Change these sentences into the Passive Voice. 8.7.
1. They were playing tennis from four till five. 2. At twelve oclock the workers were loading the trucks. 3. By six oclock the workers had loaded the trucks. 4. They will show this film on TV. 5. Has anybody explained the rules of the games to you? 6. They havent brought back my skates. 7. Has the secretary typed the letters? No, she is typing them now. 8. They did not invite her to the party. 9. Have you written the letter yet? 10. They havent told us a lot of interesting things. 11. Someone wants you on the phone. 12. What music were they playing? 13. The earliest known name of Great Britain is Albion. Since 2002 the official government yearbooks have only used the term United Kingdom.
* Exercise 15. Open the brackets using the right forms of the verb in the Passive Voice. 8.7.
The Loch Ness Monster
The story of the Loch Ness monster begins in 1933 when it (to see) for the first time. Since then it (to see) at least once every year and (to photograph) many times. The first photograph (to take) by a local man in November, 1933. On one occasion, large brown eyes (to see) and horns (to report) several times. Ears (not to mention) yet.
The monster, however (not to forget), and probably never (to forget). It is known that it sometimes leaves the loch and a few years ago it (to see) running along the main road not far from a café. Occasionally two monsters (to see) at the same time. It (not to know) whether they are father and son, husband and wife, or perhaps monster and girl-friend. But the monster and its activities (to consider) still a mystery.
Exercise 16. Translate into Russian paying attention to the use of the Passive Voice. 8.7.
1. What is being done in the house for the guests? 2. Some flowers can be cut and brought in from the garden. 3. The second course was followed by fruit salad. 4. His name is often referred to in the articles. 5. He is such a bore. He is never listened to. 6. The policeman has been sent for. 7. This film was much spoken about. 8. We were treated to ice-cream. 9. If you wear this hat youll be laughed at. 10. We were shown around the building. 11. Your luggage will be looked after.
* Exercise 17. Find in the net all the necessary information and answer the questions to the topic Canada.
1. Where is Canada situated?
2. What seas or oceans is it washed by?
3. What is its total area?
4. What is Canadians typical relief?
5. Why does it contain much fresh water?
6. How many provinces and territories does Canada consist of?
7. Which of them have more autonomy territories or provinces?
8. What is the capital of the country?
9. Is Canada a member of the Commonwealth? Who is the Queens representative?
10. Who is the head of government?
11. How large is the number of population?
12. What languages are spoken in Canada?
13. What is the motto of this state?
14. Will you describe the flag of Canada?
TEXT FOR SUPPLEMENTARY READING
Read the text and discuss with your groupmates the administrative and political systems of Great Britain and the USA. Use the following: both and , unlike , while , as distinct from , as well as.
The United States of America is a federation of 50 states. 48 of these states are in the same general area but Alaska in the north-west and Hawaii in the middle of the Pacific Ocean are geographically separated.
The federal capital is Washington, south of New York. Washington is the centre of federal government but each state has its own capital and its own government. State governments have large power and independence and are responsible for education, road building, the state police force etc.
Federal laws are made by the Congress which is the equivalent of the British Parliament. There are two Houses: the House of Representatives and the Senate. Each state sends representatives and senators to the Congress. The President together with the Vice-President are elected separately. They serve for a term of four years.
There are two main political parties in the United States: the Democrats and the Republicans. The differences between their policies are not usually very great.
The national flag of the USA consists of 13 red and white horizontal stripes and 50 small white stars in the blue rectangle. The 50 stars represent the 50 states of the US of America and 13 stripes the 13 British colonies that declare their independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain and became the first states of the Union. The Nickname for the flag is the Stars and Stripes.
UNIT FOUR
LONDON
Phonetic Exercises
1. Read paying attention to the silent letters.
mb [m]
lamb
bomb
tomb
bt [t]
debt
doubt
subtle
mn [m]
column
autumn
solemn
-ign [aın]
sign
resign
design
2. Read the following sayings and a poem.
a) Mary had a little lamb who liked to climb the hills.
b) No doubt, he has debts.
Nursery Rhyme
Pussy cat, pussy cat,
where have you been?
Ive been to London to see the Queen.
Pussy cat, pussy cat,
what did you there?
I frightened a little mouse under her chair.
Vocabulary
Learn the following words and expressions:
admission ,
ancient
to attract
to bury
to crown
to contain
to destroy
to be famous for -.
fortress
impressive
jewel
masterpiece
palace
prison
to reign
royal
sight = a place of interest
tomb
tower
to turn
to turn into
unique
wax
Mind some proper names:
the Stock Exchange
Lloyds
William the Conqueror [ ' kɔŋkərə]
Westminster Abbey [ǽbɪ]
the Poets Corner
the Speakers Corner
St. Pauls Cathedral [kə' TJdrəl]
Sir Christopher Wren [ ' sW ' kristəfə ' ren]
Madam Tussauds [ ' mædəm ' tju:souz]
Practice the pronunciation of the following words:
century [ ' sentSəri], church [CWC], ancient [ ' einSənt], heart [hRt], jewel ['dZuəl], tomb [tu:m], buried [ ' berid], reign [rein], column [ ' kPləm], statue [ ' stætju:], portrait [ ' pLtrit], masterpiece [ ' mRstəpIs], unique [ju: ' nJk].
