1 I me ,
2 you you ,
3 he him ,
4 she her ,
5 it , , it , , ,
1 we us ,
2 you you , ,
3 they 蠠 them , , ,
She is a nurse.
I met him yesterday. .
We have given the books to them. () .
2.2
whose?
?. :
, . .
1. my , , , our , , ,
2. your , , , your , , ,
3. his their
her
its , (
)
:
His watch is on the table. .
5
2.3
1.
1. Peter helped the puples to translate the text.
2. Mother asked Mary to wash the plates.
3. My friend writes a letter to his sister.
4. Jane took three books from the library.
5. His cousins live in Moscow.
6. Our grandfather and grandmother will come tomorrow.
7. Mary works in a shop.
2. -
, , , , , , ,
, , , , , , .
3.
1. Nick has got a dog.... dog is clever.
2. Have you got a room? Is... room big?
3. Ann has a lamp. Is it... lamp?
4. I have got a book.... book is interesting.
5. They have got a good room. Is... room big?
6. He studies at the technical school.... technical school is big.
7. I have a job.... job is interesting.
3
3.1
:
- ()
, .
.
- NOT .
-
|
|
|
? ? ?
? ? ? ? ?
I gave the book to her in the shop
Last week we went to the match.
At nine she goes to town.
In Kharkov many people work at the factories
I talk to him
We saw an accident here.
3.2 ,
() , .:
They came at eight oclock in the evening. .
I shall see you at six on Monday. .
3.3 often, always, never, ever, sometimes, also
, .:
He often gets up late. .
She never forgets her purse. .
Do you know if he ever steals. , - ?
They sometimes lose their money. .
They also go to Kiev. .
3.4. to be, .:
He is often late. .
It was always cold at the office. .
She is never late. .
Ask her if is she ever in a hurry. , -.
It is sometimes too crowded here to work. ,
.
She is also a famous writer. .
3.5
1. .
1. A,am, I, student, not.
2. Year, she, second (first, third, fourth, fifth), a, student, is?
3. Teacher, I, a, am.
4. Room, Ann, a, has.
5. They, no, good, have, car.
6. Work, has, a, she.
7. An, he, is, worker, experienced.
8. Granny.is, my, pensioner, a.
9. Bag, modern, is, my.
10. Little, dog, our, is.
2. , , :
A.
Peter is a worker
I a technician
They am a doctor
We a chemist
are a teacher
a schoolgirl (boy)
B.
She is Ann
He English
I am Russian
My son a student
Her daughter are twenty
They nice
a worker
a manager
thirty five
a construction worker
a controller
C.
Have Nick have no a book
Has I has not a pencil
she a table
Ann a lamp
you a room
they a box
he a hobby
we children
a job
4
, :
? .
. ,
. .
, , .
, .
, , .
, , .
,
.
(a,an) (the)
.
4.1 ˨
:
an ,
|
|
|
h, .:
an apple .
an entrance
an hour
an interesting film
an auditor
an office
a , .:
a car
a building
a new tool
a file
software
a manager
, , , ,
, .:
A bicycle is cheaper then a car. .
A book is in the table. .
,
, :
I am a railway worker. .
She is a student.
My brother is a doctor. .
Hi is a baker. .
He is a Roman Catholic. .
Her husband is an American. .
4.2
, , ,
.:
The house was opposite the church. () () .
The streets are empty. () .
The technical school is modern. () .
:
a) , , .:
I shall not like the dinner we had there. .
:
I did not like the dinner we had there. , .
) , , .:
Do you like summer? ?
:
The summer of 1990 was good. () 1990 (.: ).
) , , : ,
, , , -
, .:
On Sundays we go to church. .
These children are going to school. .
:
The school is tall building. .
We went to prison to visit him. , .
) :
She was dressed in white. .
We went by car. .
He will be in town on Tuesday. .
They are at work now. .
:
a (an) the
, ,
, ,
, , , , .
, ,
. .
4.3
1. .
.
1. Last week I met my friend. He was with a young girl.The girl was a student of our Academy.
2. This is a pencil. The pencil is red.
3. She is a teacher.She is our teacher of English.
4. It is lake. The lake is deep.It is one of the deepest lakes in the world
5. There are many flowers in your garden. The flowers are beautiful.
6. Did you write a plan? Give me your plan. please.
7. The Black Sea is in the South Russia.
8. This is Nick. He works as an engineer.
9. There are some schools in our street. The schools are new.
10.Yury Gagarin was the first cosmonaut of the world.
11.In summer the sky is blue and the sun shines brightly.
12.The Petroves are very friendly.
13. This is a book for Ann. This is Ann s book. I do not like such kind of book.
2. a, an, the, :
1.This... pencil is broken.Give me that... pencil, please.
2. I have... ten programmes on my TV.
3.My friend has... car.... car is broken now.
4.I got... letter from my friend yesterday.... leteer was very long.
|
|
|
5. She has... daughters and one... son.
6. My... brother s... friend has no... dog.
7. This is... house..... house is white.
8. They have... party.... party is... birthday party.
9. I read... good book yesterday.... book was interesting and funny.
3., , .
1.... Volga is... longest river. in... Europe.
2. What is... nearest way to... DramaTheatre?
3.... butter and cheese are made of... milk.
4. Usually I get up at... 7 o clock in... morning.
5.... Rostov is situated on... Don.
6. Will you have... cup of... tea?
7. Moscow is situated on... Moskva river and London is situated on... Thames.
8. My sister will go to school... next year.
9.... New York is one of biggest business centers in world.
10.... Lomonosov was... great Russian scientist. He was born in... small village on... shore
of... White Sea.
11.... Peters brother is... worker and we are... students.
12.... Russia is one of... largest countries of world.
13. Yuri Gagarin was... first man to fly over... Earth in spaceship.
14..... Rostov is on... right bank of... Don.
15. I went to... Smirnovs, but they were not at... home.
5
5.1
s , .:
building buildings
door doors
tower towers
book books
5.2 ,
s [], .:
streets
shops
5.3
, s [], .:
a car - cars
a train - trains
5.4 y,
, y ie, .:
country countries
baby babies
factory factories
:
boy boys
day days
5.5 , ss, -x, -sh, -ch,
es
. es [], .:
bus buses
church chuches
[] ,
e s, c, z, g, .:
horse horses
place places
prize prizes
s.
5.6 man , , woman
:
. :
one man ,
five men ,
this woman
these women
,
men women, .:
a postman postmen
a policewoman policewomen
5.7.
:
foot feet
tooth teeth
goose geese
mouse mice
5.8 , . . f fe,
|
|
|
f fe ves:
loaf loaves
shelf shelves
wife wives
life lives
5.9 , o,
es, .:
potato potatoes
tomato tomatoes
5.10 en, .:
child children
ox oxen
5.11
, , .:
one deer five deer
this sheep these sheep
5.12
, .:
wages riches
contents thanks
oats surroundings
proceeds savings
Oats are eaten by horses. .
These are nice surroundings. .
Has he earned his riches? .
I gave them my thanks. .
5.13 , ,
, , .:
trousers spectacles
scissors glasses
binoculars
, pair of . pair s, .:
I want to buy a pair of trousers. .
My brother has a pair of trousers. .
You need a pair of glasses. .
She brought two pair of glasses. .
5.14 , pair of
, .:
Where are my scissors? I cant find them. ? .
She cannot buy new spectacles. .
5.15 pair of ,
, , .
pair s, .:
She has eight pairs of shoes. .
5.16
, .:
property
business
information
furniture
strenght
revenue
merchandise
progress
5.17 ,
, , .:
We waited for one and a half hours. .
5.18 ,
, , .:
In that accident they lost their lives. .
We all drove our cars.
.
They all bought their own tickets. ( ) .
:
1. = + s.
2. ES , s, ss. sh, ch,
x, z.
3. -Y I.
5.19
1. .
Box, sheep, place, library, photo, mouse, lady, glasses, bush, dress, country, bus, party, wife, day,
knife, knoledge, month, pen, hero, goose, company, life, deer, tomato, city, man, play, news, child,
fruit, shelf, leaf, foot, fish, woman, money, information.
2.
( :
, ).
The star, a mountain, a tree, a waiter, the queen, a man, the woman, an eye, a shelf, a box, the city,the boy, a goose, a watch, a mouse, a dress, a toy, a sheep, a tooth, a child, an ox, a deer, the life, atomato.
3.
:
Time, water, machine, music, snow, word, coffee, money, idea, family, knoledge, sea, hour, tree,
silver, meat, happiness, information, speed, book, news, house, friend, milk, student, pen, paper,
clothes, picture, air.
4.
|
|
|
. (, THIS THAT
.)
this (, , .) these ()
that (, , .) those ()
1. A new house is in our street.
2. This story is very interesting.
3. A woman, a man, a boy,and a girl are in the room.
4. In the farm yard we see an ox, a sheep, a cow and a goose.
5. Put this knife on that table.
6. Is this worker an Englishman or a German? He is a Frenchman.
7. What is your name?
8. He keeps his toy in a box.
9. This man works at our office.
6 TO BE
.
, ( )
. :
, , , , , .....
( )
: ,
, . . . , ,
; .
to be - ,
( ) :
Present Past Future
I AM WAS/WERE WILL BE
HE,SHE, IT IS (..) SHALL (I, WE) BE
THEY, WE YOU ARE
(..)
I am a student. .
She is a doctor. .
They will be students. .
I am married. ().
She was born in Omsk. .
,
!
, to be - , ,
. :
, . . .
, :
He is a schoolboy. Is he a schoolboy?
The trainis new new. Are the train new?
not,
.
Olga is a sewer. Olga is not a sewer.
They are drivers. They are not drivers.
I am I`m He is he`s
We are we`re He is not he isn`t
We are not we aren`t She is she isn`t
You are you`re She is not she isn`t
You are not you are`nt It is it isn`t
They are they`re It is not it isn`t
They are not they aren`t
:
1. TO BE , .
2. TO BE , . .
.
3.
, .. .
4. NOT
.
6.1
1. , , ,
, .
I am a student. Am I a student? Yes, you are.
We are students. Are we students? Yes, we are.
He is a doctor. Is he a doctor? No, he is not. He is not a doctor.
Are you doctors? Yes, you are. You are doctors.
She is a teacher. They are teachers. He is a teacher.
It is a dog. Is it a dog? Yes,it is.
Ann is a firstyearstudent. She is a good girl.
2.
.
: She is her sister. Is she her sister? Yes, she is. No, she is not.
1. My father is a worker.
2. He is an engineer now.
3. These children are little.
4. You are my best friend.
5. Your daughter is a puple.
6. I am a student.
7. They are good boys.
8. Our mother is a teacher.
3. TO BE .
1..He... born in 1985.
2. We... students now.
3 We... good friends at the college.
4. It... an interesting book.
5. Who... absent today?
6. He... a student.
7. What... he?
8.... he a doctor.
9. These... my pencils.
10. Where... this book? It... on the table.
11. What... their names?
12. Mary... a schoolgirl.
13. Who... he?
14. What... you?
15. This man... in the room.
16. How... she?
17. Tomorrow we...... at home.
18. They... sportsmen..
19. There... no books on the table.
20. It... my parents` car.
21. There... 15 students in our group now.
4. .
1. ? .
2. - . .
3. ? .
4. ? .
5. .
6. .
7. .
8. ? .
9. . .
5. TO BE .
.
1. Where... you from?
2. How old... you? How old... your brother?
3. What... your name?
4. I... glad to see you. How... you?
5. The dog... in the garden.
6. My parents... workers.
7.... your farther a teacher? No, he... a driver.
8. He...(not) a student,he... a doctor.
9. That book... (not) very interesting.
10. The book... on the table.
11. Moscow... the capital of Russia.
12.... you students?
13. What... the weather like today?
14. What... on the table?
17
15.... Boris a good football player?
7
: ,
, () , s.
?,
, .:
father`s office (?)
my sister`s dog (?)
s (.. s). [], [], [] , s .. .
, .:
the boys` books
the workers` tools
, ,
, , :
my friends car
Galinas mother
,
s .
[]:
Charless friend [: ]
Charles friend [: ]
, ,
, , , , , , .:
I saw him at my brothers. ( )
We buy bread at the bakers. ( )
Have you ever visited St. Pauls? - . ?
,
, .:
Did you hear last nights news? ?
There was an hours delay. .
The building was at a miles.
distance from us .
, , ,
() .
of, .:
the windows of the office
the month of the year
of ,
, ,
, .
: the books of the boys
the tools of the labourers
the pens of the girls
of ,
, .:
The attempts of the police were in vain.
.
:
:
1. (
, .)
2. , .
3. .
1. .
Ann`s table, this man`s book, the boy`s bag, the woman`s pens, the boys` books.
2. .
: The poems of Lermontov Lermontov`s poems
1. The toy of their children.
2. The questions of my son.
3. The wife of my brother.
4. The table of my teacher.
5. The life of animals.
6. The voice of this girl.
7. The new book of the puples.
8. The letter of Peter.
9. The car of my parents.
10. The room of my friend.
11. The handbags of the se women.
12. The flat of my sister is large.
3. ,
.
1. . . .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .
8. .
8 TO HAVE
to have .
, , .
Present Past Future
I, We, You, They have had will have
He, She, It (3 ., ..) has
to have , ,
:
1. , TO HAVE.
2. , TO HAVE
NO. A .
We have lessons. Have we lessons? We have no lessons.
He has a good job. Has he a good job? He has no good job.
HAVE HAS HAVE
GOT HAS GOT.
You have a book. == You have got a book.
She has children == She has got children.
.
Have not == Haven`t
Has not == Hasn`t
:
1. TO HAVE .
2. NO .
3. NOT .
4. A NO .
6. MANY, ANY NOT.
9
.
:
1. ( How many? ?)
.: one ,
two
2. ( Which? ?)
3. .: the first ,
the second .
9.1
1-12 13-19
1 one 13 thirteen
2 two 14 fourteen
3 three 15 fifteen
4 four 16 sixteen
5 five 17 seventeen
6 six 18 eightteen
7 seven 19 nineteen
8 eight
9 nine
10 ten
11 eleven
12 twelve
20-90 100
20 twenty 100 a (one) hundred
21 twenty-one 101 a (one) hundred and one
22 twenty-two 200 two hundred
23 twenty-three 300 three hundred
30 thirty 1.000 a (one) thousand
40 forty 1.001 a (one) thousand and one
50 fifty 1.200 one thousand two hundred
60 sixty 2.000 two thousand
70 seventy 1.000.000. a (one) million
80 eighty 1.000.000.000. a (one) milliard
90 ninety
, :
1) hundred, thousand, million a
one;
2) , , and;
3) hundred, thousand, million s,
:
:
Hundreds of books two hundred books
thousands of people five thousand people
millions of people two million people
4)
of ( ):
two hundred soldiers
( : two thousand of soldiers)
three thousand people
9.2
( )
th.
,
, .
1- 12- 13-1 19-
1st the first 13th the thirteenth
2nd the second 14th the fourteenth
3rd the third 15th the fifteenth
4th the fourth 16th the sixteenth
5thfifth 17th the seventeenth
6th the sixth 18th the the eighteenth
7th the seventh 19th the nineteenth
8th the eighth
9ththe ninth
10th the tenth
11th the eleventh
12th the twelfth
20- 90- 100-
20th the twentieth 100 th the hundredth
21st the twenty-first 101 st the hundred and first
22 nd the twenty-second 102 nd the hundred and second
23 rd the twenty-third 200 th the two hundredth
24 th the twenty-fourth 201 th the two hundred and first
30 th the thirtieth 300 th the three hundredth
40 th the fourtieth 400 th the four hundredth
50 th the fiftieth 1.000 th the thousandth
60 th the the sixtieth 1.002 th the thousand and first
70 th the seventieth 1.002 nd the thousand and second
80 th the eightieth
90 th the ninetieth
, th y
ie:
twenty twentieth thirty thirtieth
9.3
, ,
:
1900 nineteen hundred.
1904 nineteen four ( : nineteen hundred and four, :
1961 nineteen sixty one.
year .
:
May, 15, 1960. The fifteenth of May, nineteen sixty.
, .
once - , three times -
twice - four times -
0 :
) Her telephone number is 9201. [ : ]
9201.
) The result of the match is four to nil. 4:0 [:: ]
) It is six degrees below zero. .
) Two minus two leaves nought. .
) All her work was for nought. (.:
).
:
1. .
2. 13 19 TEEN.
3. TY.
THE TH.
1. -:
) :
3,5,11,12,13,24,69,325,1005,530425,1.745.033.
) :
1,2,15,23,84,149,150,218,1005,2.000.000.
2. :
1. The first of March nineteen seventy-six.
2. The fifth of December two thousand.
3. The sixteenth of May nineteen five.
4. The third of July nineteen hundred.
5. In nineteen ninety-seven.
6. In nineteen hundred eighty-one.
7. In two thousand five.
3. -:
:
January,February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October,November,
December.( IN.)
1. 7 1999 ,
2. 1 1974 ,
3. 11 1951 ,
4. 12 2024
5. 31 1573
6. 16 1968
4. .
1. My birthday is on April ____ (I).
2. Rebecca lives on ___ (2) Street.
3. The government office is on the ____ (7) floor.
4. The date today is October ___ (8), 1993.
5. We live on the ___ (3) floor.
6. The school is on the ____ (10) Street.
7. My vacation begins on December ____(2).
8. The United States celebrates independence on July ___ (4).
9. We must go to the ___(14) floor.
10. The post office is on ____ (6) Street.
10 INDEFINITE (SIMPLE)
Present Indefinite
.. I ask. Do I ask? I do not ask.
He asks. Does he ask? He does not ask.
.. We ask. Do we ask? We do not ask.
Indefinite (Simple) ,
. .
I go to the school every day. .
(
, to be ):
every
often ,
seldom ,
always ,
usually ,
never .
Past Indefinite
. . . I asked. Did I ask? I did not ask?
We went home. Did we go home? We did not go home
,
. .
:
Yesterday ,
Last ,
Ago .
Future Indefinite.
.. I shall play chess. Shall I play chess? I shall not chess/
.. They will go to the
office.
Will they go to the
office?
They will not go to
the office.
, (
).
will + to.
10. 1
1. , , Present Indefinite Tense:
1. I... in Moscow (live.lives).
2.... you like English (do, does)?
3. My mother... English well (speak, speaks).
4. He... not work at the factory (do, does).
5.... Pete often go to the theatre (do,does)?
6. We... not study at school (do, does).
2. , Present
(Past, Future) Indefinite Tenses.
1. He went there yesterday.
2. We live in Moscow.
3. She likes to go to the theatre.
4. Do you study at school?
5. My father works at the factory.
6. Peter`s sister does not work.
7. She studies at the Institute.
8. Did my mother work at the factory last year?
9. He will go to the depot tomorrow.
10. She went there two days ago.
11. She wants to go there.
12. He will go to his work.
13. We shall read this lesson.
14. My sister liked to dance.
3.
.
1. . ) I am going to the technical school.
) I go to the technical school.
) I was going to the technical school.
) I went to the technical school.
) I will go to the technical school.
2. ? ) Did you read English books?
)Will you read English books?
) Were you reading English books?
) Do you read English books?
)Are you reading an English book?
3. . ) He is not working at the factory/
) He will not work at the factory.
) He does not work at the factory.
)He did not work at the factory.
4. . ) She studies English.
)She studied English.
)She will study English.
4. II- .
To read, to know, to tell, to write, to make, to say, to come, to see, to want, to visit, to open, to close, to study, to play, to live, to be, to leane, to get, to take, to do, to have, to begin, to come, to contain.
5. , ,
Present (Past, Future) Indefinite Tenses.
11 TEXT ABOUT MYSELF
My name is Marina Suvorova. I am 15 years old. I was born on the 15th of March, 1985 in
Rostov-on-Don. Now I live in Rostov with my parents and my grandmother.
My family is not very large. We have five people in our family. My father`s name is Igor
Petrovich. He is forty years old. He is a doctor and he works at a hospital. My mother`s name is
Lyudmila Leonidovna. She is thirty nine years old. She is a housewife. My younger sister is a pupil.
She is in the seventh form. My grandmother lives with us. She does not work. She is a pensioner. I love my family. We are all friends and we love each other.
I have one aunt and two uncles.Their children are my cousins.
We live in a big flat in a new house. There are four rooms in our flat: a living room, a study,
a kitchen, a bathroom and two bedrooms. We have all modern conveniencies: gas, hot water, running water, electricity and telephone.
I have my duties about the house. I must go shopping.I help my mother to clean the rooms.
It`s not difficult for me. I like our home to be clean and tidy.
I am a student of the college now. We have many good teachers at our college. I try to be a
good pupil and I do well in all subjects. But my favourite subject is English. I spend much time on it. I like reading. I like detective stories but I prefer to read historical novels or modern writers.
I have many friends. Many of them are my classmates. We spend much time together, go for
a walk, talk about lessons,music and discuss our problems.
I like to listen to modern music, but sometimes I like to listen to some classical music. My
favourite composer is Tchaikovsky. I haven t much time to watch TV but sometimes I spend an hour or two watching an interesting film or a news programme. In the evening I often read newspapers or an interesting book. I like fresh air and exercises, but I have not much time to go in for sports.
10.2
1. .
: English, a man - Englishman .
1. A school, a girl.
2. a week, an end.
3. a bed, a room.
4. a birth, a day.
5. news, paper.
6. a class, a room.
7. a tape, a recorder.
8. a chair, a man.
9. an air, a craft.
10. a text, a book.
11. a house, a wife.
12. rain, a coat.
13. a rail, a way.
14. a sea, a man.
15. a post, a man.
16. a class, a mate.
2. .
hospital
profession
medicine
hobby
guitar
veteran
patriotic
, heroism
pensioner
medical
engineer
student
technical
league
radio
result
cousin
technician.
3. .
1. What is your name?
2. Where and when were you born?
3. How old are you?
4. Where do you live?
5. Have you got a family?
6. How large is your family?
7. Do you have brothers, sisters, grandparents in your family?
8. What are your father and mother?
9. How many rooms are there in your flat?
10. What are your duties about the house?
11. What is your favourite subject at the technical school?
12. What books do you like to read?
13. Do you go in for sports?
14. What sport do you go in for?
15. What is your hobby?
16. Where do you study?
17. Are you a full-time student?
18. Is your family united?
4.. TO BE
HIS, HER.
1. My name... Anna.
2. Where... you from?
3. I... from Italy.
4. What`s... your name?
5. Christina... 29 years old.
6. Clara... married.
7. He... a doctor.
8. Mike and Rosie... from London.
9. I have a daughter.... name`s Kate.
10. John and Irene... married. They have a son.
5. .
. I`m 22.
My name is Lisa I am not married.
My favourite colour is black.
I am American.
I am from Chicago. LISA My favourite sports are football and
swimming.
I am a student.
I am interested in art.
1. (name) My.......................
2. (from) I...........................
3. (age) I...........................
4. (job) I.......................
5. (married) I..................
6. (favourite colour or colours) My............
7. (interested in...) I.............
6. .
MALE FEMALE
husband wife
son
father
sister
uncle
niece
grandfather
father-in-law
widow
cousin
1. My mother`s sister is my.....
2. My uncle`s son is my father`s....
3. Our mother `s mother is our....
4. Her aunt`s daughter is her....
5. My husband`s father is my....
6. Your sister`s son is my....
7. His brother`s daughter is his....
8. Their son`s wife is their....
7. , , .
SINGLE, GET MARRIED
GOES OUT WITH DIVORCED
ENGAGED GET DIVORCED
MARRIED PREGNANT
1. He......... Mary. She`s his friend.
2. She and her husband are very unhappy. They`re going to....
3. My brother is...: he and his wife have two children. But I am....
4. She`s.....: she is going to have a baby.
5. Jack`s my fiance: we`re..... We`re planning to... next summer.
6. She`s.... now, but she still sees her ex-husband.
9. .
height size hair age general
impression
special
features
slim, curly, short, fat, attractive, in his mid, thirties, handsom, freckled, grey, middle-aged, tall,
beautifull,straight, wary, wrinkled, pretty, broad-shouldered,
charming, mole, scar,thin, blonde, overweight, in his early, twenties, pale skin, snub-nosed, bald, in her late forties, red, birthmark, skinny, moustache, elderly,ugly,a teenager,fair, good-looking, slender, thick hair, beard.
REMEMBERS.
8.
Alisons very musical. She sings and plays the , and most evenings she goes with her
friends in the local disco. She likes eating in restaurants, but she also enjoys her own meals. She can , and has made quite a few jumpers and scarves. Alison also stamps, and she enjoys detective stories. Barbara goes every morning in the park. She enjoys athletic, especially the high-. She is also a great . fan, and goes to watch her team play every weekend. She enjoys horse-, and often plays a round of at her local club. Barbara is a good driver and goes -racing whenever she can. When shes at home, you usually find her out in the , watering the flowers or cutting the grass.
The main difference between Alison and Barbara is that Alison enjoys activities, whereas
Barbara enjoys activities.
9. .
1. three things that people often play
2. three things that people often collect
3. five indoor activities
4. five outdoor activities
5. four sports ending in ball
10. . .
I
like
love
enjoy
dont like
dont love
hate
+ -ing
Guitar jogging dancing cooking indoor
Knit jump garden golf collects
Outdoor poetry football motor riding
Al Wheeler from Canada
We have long, cold winters and sports, hot
summers. In summer I go sailing and I play
ice baseball, but in winter I play ice hockey
and go ice-skating. We have a holiday home
near a lake, so I go fishing a lot, too. My
favourite season is autumn, or fall, as we say
in North America. I love the colours of the
trees red, gold, orange, yellow, and brown.
Manuela da Silva from Portugal
People think its always warm and sunny in
Portugal, but January and February are often
cold, wet and grey. I dont like winter. I meet
friends in restaurants and bars and we chat.
Sometimes we go to a Brazilian bar. I love
Brazilian music. But then suddenly its
summer and at weekends we driver to the
beach, sunbathe, and go windsurfing. I love
summer.
1. Do the play sports?
2. What do Al and Manuela do in winter?
3. Where is Als holiday home?
4. What do Manuela and her friends do in summer?
5. Why does Al like autumn?
13. .
1. Do you usually have a lot of free time?
2. What do you usually do in your spare time?
3. How do you usually spend your weekends?
4. Which kind of activities do you enjoy more, outdoor or indoor?
5. Do you have any hobby?
10. , .
On Sunday morning ..
1. I make the windows. 1. I make
2. I kiss my room. 2. I kiss
3. I feed the radio. 3. I feed
4. I eat the bed. 4. I eat
5. I smoke the children. 5. I smoke
6. I listen a breakfast. 6. I listen
7. I wash the TV. 7. I wash
8. I tidy the cat. 8. I tidy
9. I clean the cigarette. 9. I clean
10. I watch my clothes. 10. I watch
TEXT HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
1. Let us take a look at the history of the computers that we know today. The very first calculating device used was the ten fingers of a mans hands. This, in fact, is why today we still count in tens and multiples of tens. Then the abacus was invented, a bead frame in which the beads are moved from left to right.
2. People went on using some form of abacus well into the 16th centure, and it is still being used in some parts of the world because it can be undestood without knowing how to read. During the
17th and 18th centuries many people tried to find easy ways of calculating. J. Napier, a Scotsman, devised a mechanical way of multiplying and dividing, which is how the modern slide rule works. Henry Briggs used Napier,s ideas to produse logarithm tables which all mathematicians use today.
3. Calculus, another branch of mathematics, was independently invented by both Sir Isaac Newton, an Englishman, and Leibnitz, a German mathematician. The first real calculating machine appeared in 1820 as the result of several peoples experiments. This type of machine, which saves a great deal of time and reduces the possibility of making mistakes, depends on a series of ten-toothed gear wheels.
4. In 1830 Charles Babbage, an Englishman, designed a machine that was called The Analytical
Engine. This machine, which Babbage showed at the Paris Exhibition in 1855, was an attempt
to cut out the human being altogether, expert for providing the machine with the necessary facts
about the problem to be solved. He never finished this work, but many of his ideas were the basis
for building todays computers.
5. In 1930, the first analog computer was built by American named Vannevar Bush.
6. This device was used in Word War II to help aim guns. Mark I, the name given to the first digital
computers, was completed in 1944.
7. The men responsible for this invention were Professor Howard Aiken and some people from
IBM. This was the first machine that could figure out long lists of mathematical problems all at a
very fast rate.
8. In 1946 two engineers at the University of Pennsylvania, J. Eckert and J. Maushly, built the first digital computers using parts called vacuum tubes. They named their new invention ENIAC.
9. Another important advancement in computers came in 1947, when John von Newmann
developed the idea of keeping instructions for the computer inside the computers memory. The
first generation of computers, which used vacuum tubes, came out in 1950. UNIVAC I is an
example of these computers which could perform thousand of calculations per second.
10. In 1960, the second generation of computers was developed and these could perform work ten times faster than their predecessors. The reason for this extra speed was the use of transistors
instead of vacuum tubes.
11. Second-generation computers were smaller, faster and more dependable than first-generation
computers.
12. The third-generation computers appeared on the market in 1965. These computers could do a
million calculations a second, which is 1000 times as many as first-generation computers.
13. Unlike second-generation computers, these are controlled by tiny integrated circuits and are
consequently smaller and more dependable.
14. Fourth-generation computers have now arrived, and the integrated circuits that are being
developed have been greatly reduced in size. This is due to microminiaturization, which means
that the circuits are much smaller than before; as many as 1000 tiny circuits now fit onto a single
chip.
15. A chip is a square or rectangular piece of silicon, usually from 1/10 to 1/4 inch, upon which
several layers of an integrated circuit are etched or imprinted, after which the circuit is
encapsulated in plastic or metal.
16. Fourth- generation computers are 50 times faster than third-generation computers and can
complete approximately 1,000,000 instructions per second.
1. Present Indefinite Tense ( )?
2. to be Present Indefinite Tense?
3. 3 - Present Indefinite
Tense?
4. Past Indefinite ( )?
5. ?
6. Past Indefinite ? .
7. Future Indefinite Tense ( )?
8. ?
9. to
have?
10. ?
11. ?
12. ?
13. ?
14. 13 19?
15. ?
16. ?
17. 1963 ?
18. ?
19. ?
20. II ?
21. II ?
22. ?
23. does?
24. ?
25. ?
26. .
27. ?
28. ?
29. ?
30. ?
31. ?
32. ?
33. ?
34. to have?
35. ?
36. I ?
37. II- I-?
38. shall (will)?
39. ?
40. .
41.
