:
ʖ1; ʖ5; -1; -7; -9; -5
:
:
ü - , , , , ;
:
ü , , - , ;
, :
1. . . - .
2. ( ). s-, p-, d-, f- . .
3. . .
4. . σ- π-. . .
5. .
6. : , , .
7. . . -.
8. .
:
1. . ? , .
2. , Mn+7.
3. . ? , .
4. , Mn+7.
5. , :
| n | |||
| sp | 2 | ||
| sp2 | 3 | ||
| :2; ∙ 2 | |||
| sp3 | 4 | ||
| , (-) | :3 | ||
| , | ::2 ; ∙: 2 | ||
| sp3d | - | 6 | |
| sp3d2 | 6 | ||
| d2sp3 | 6 |
6. , : H2O, HF, NH3, Cl2, C2H5OH, C2H5C(O)H, C6H4(OH)C(O)OH.
7. :
|
|
|
| 1- | - , , |
| 2 - | - 젠 ( ) |
| 3 - | - , |
:
1 ./ .., .. .: , 2010. 976 .
2 . . . / . .. . - .: , 2007. 559 .
3 - (http://www.chemport.ru/)
3.
. . . .
:
ʖ1; ʖ5; -1; -7; -9; -5
:
:
ü - , , , , ;
ü (, , , - ) ;
ü , (, , , );
:
ü , , - , ;
ü - ;
, :
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. -, .
:
1. :
ü - ( ) / .. ( ). , , , , . , - , , , , , , . -, - ...
ü () (..) . , , , .
ü -
ü - ..
ü - ..
ü - ..
2. :
_________________________________________________________________________________
|
|
|
3. :
| 1 | 
| - | |
| 2 | 
| - | - |
4.
| 1 | - | ||
| 2 | - | . | |
| 3 | - | ||
| 4 | . | - | |
| 5 | - |
5.
| 1 | Cl2 → 2Cl∙, CH3I → CH3 ∙+ I∙, CH3N=NCH3 → 2CH3 ∙+ N2. | - | |
| 2 | , | - | . |
| 3 | , | - | |
| 4 | - | ||
| 5 | , , | - | |
| 6 | - | ||
| 7 |
6. , , ?
7. -. .
| 1 | I2() + Cl2() = 2ICl() + Q
| |||
| 1) | 3) | |||
| 2) | 4) | |||
| 2 | CO() + H2O() ↔ CO2() + H2()
| |||
| 1) | 3) | |||
| 2) | 4) | |||
| 3 | CO2() + () ↔ 2() 173
| |||
| 1) | 3) | |||
| 2) | 4) | |||
| 4 | N2() + O2() ↔ 2NO() - Q
| |||
| 1) | 3) | NO | ||
| 2) | 4) | |||
| 5 | 2() ↔ CO2() + () + 173
| |||
| 1) | 3) | |||
| 2) | 4) | |||
4.
