1. By next winter he (to sold) all his things. 2. He (to leave) when you arrive. 3. By next month he (to write) his fourth play. 4. We (to solve) this problem by the end of the week. 5. The wind (to drop) by then. 6. When the sun sets I (to read) this book. 7. If you come at nine they (to have) dinner. 8. If you ring me up after nine o’clock, I (to speak) to the doctor. 9. We (to travel) twenty miles more before we cross the frontier. 10. Next year we (to be) together for ten years. 11. He (to be) Foreign Minister for five years by next year. 12. In two week’s time we (to finish) our exams. 13. Next November we (to be) married for fifteen years. 14. I’m sure they (to arrive) home by five o’clock tonight. 15. Scientists (to learn) to control the weather by 2020.
Exercise 3. Поставьте глагол в скобках в Future Perfect или в Future Simple.
1. Julia (finish) all the housework by three o’clock and we’ll go for a walk. 2. I promise I (get) in touch with you if I need your help. 3. We are going to buy a car. By the end of the next month our family (save) money for it. 4. The workers say that they (build up) a district by the beginning of 2050. 5. He probably never (be) patient. 6. She (have lunch) by the time we arrive. 7. If you think it over, you (see) that I’m right.
Exercise 4. Выберите правильную форму Future Simple, Future Continuous или Future Perfect.
1. We... the text tomorrow at 7 o’clock.
a) shall translate b) shall be translating c) shall have translated
2. She … to London by next Monday.
a) will arrive b) will have arrived c) will be arriving
3. My cousin … me in three weeks.
a) will be visiting b) will visit c) will have visited
4. Julia … all the housework by 3 o’clock and we … for a walk.
a) will have finished … shall go
b) will be finishing … will have gone
c) will finish … will go
5. The children … a homework when their Mother comes.
a) shall have done b) will be doing c) will do
6. My sister … the result of her exam on economy in three days.
a) will be known b) will know c) will have known
7. What … you … tomorrow at this time?
a) will have done b) will do c) will be doing
8. The delegation … the hotel next Monday.
1. will leave b) will be leaving c) will have left
9. The concert … by 11 o’clock.
1. will finish b) will have finished c) will be finishing
10. Our teacher … a new theme all the lesson tomorrow.
a) will be explaining b) shall explain c) will have explained
UNIT 6.
D. I. MENDELEEV
D.I. Mendeleyev, the great Russian chemist, was born in Siberia in Tobolsk in 1834. At the age of 7 he went to gymnasium at Tobolsk. He studied very hard and especially liked mathematics, physics and history. At the age of 17 he entered the Pedagogical Institute in Petersburg, physico-mathematical department.
He graduated from the Institute in 1855 and began to teach chemistry at the Technological Institute and then at the University. In 1867 Mendeleyev delivered lectures on theoretical, organic and technological chemistry. His lectures were a great success. Students from other faculties came to listen to him. Besides lectures Mendeleyev carried on great research work.
Mendeleyev’s greatest discovery was the Periodic Law. While studying different elements Mendeleyev made an important observation: he could arrange elements according to a definite system.
In 1869 Mendeleyev published his “Principles of Chemistry”. The Periodic Law suggested by Mendeleyev stated that the properties of the elements were a periodic function of their atomic masses. His periodic Law opened a new era in the history of chemistry. Mendeleyev wrote over 350 scientific works. His works dealt with many subjects: properties of liquids, theories of solutions, the development of the gas law, the use of oil and many others.
He did much for the development of coal, petroleum and steel industries in Russia. D.I. Mendeleyev continued his research work to the very last day of his life.He died in 1907. But up to the present time scientist use Mendeleyev’s Periodic Law in their scientific work.
Vocabulary:
To be born - родиться
To enter – поступать (в высшее учебное заведение)
To graduate from – закончить вуз
To teach - преподавать
To deliver lectures – читать лекции
Research work – научно-исследовательская работа
To arrange - располагать
Definite - определенный
To suggest - предлагать
To state – констатировать, утверждать
Property - свойство
To deal with – рассматривать, касаться
Liquid - жидкость
Solution – раствор
I. Give English equivalents:
Родился, в возрасте 17 лет, усердно учился, поступил в институт, закончил институт, начал преподавать химию, читал лекции, имели большой успех, вел большую научно-исследовательскую работу, величайшее открытие, важное наблюдение, согласно определенной системе, свойства элементов, атомный вес, свойства жидкостей, многое сделал, до настоящего времени.
II. Translate the words given in brackets:
1. Mendeleev (родился) in Siberia, in Tobolsk in 1834.
2. At the age of 17 he (поступил) the Pedagogical Institute in Petersburg.
3. He (закончил) the Institute in 1855.
4. In 1867 Mendeleev (читал) lectures on theoretical, organic and technological chemistry.
5. Besides lectures Mendeleev (вел) great research work.
6. He could (расположить) elements according to their atomic masses.
7. His works (касались) many subjects.
8. Mendeleev (продолжал) his research work to the very last day of his life.
III. Translate the words paying attention to word formation:
Chemistry – chemist – chemical; to graduate – graduation; theory – theoretical; technology – technological; success – successful; to discover – discovery; to differ – different – difference; to arrange – arrangement; science – scientific – scientist; to develop – development; atom – atomic – subatomic.
IV. Complete the sentences:
1. Mendeleev, the great Russian chemist, was born in …
2. At the age of 17 he entered …
3. He graduated from the Institute in 1855 and began …
4. In 1867 Mendeleev delivered lectures on …
5. Besides lectures he carried on …
6. Mendeleev’s greatest discovery was …
7. The Periodic Law suggested by Mendeleev stated that...
8. His works dealt with …
9. He did much for …
10. Up to the present time scientists use …
V. Retell the text according to the plan:
1. Mendeleev’s childhood and youth.
2. His work at the university.
3. Mendeleev’s greatest discovery.
4. His contribution to science and industry.
ANTOINE LAVOISIER
There were several figures in chemistry who had greatly transformed the science of chemistry by their own contribution. Undoubtedly we consider Antoine Lavosier to be one of them. Lavoisier was called the “The Father of Modern Chemistry”.
Antoine Lavoisier was born in the family of a Paris Parliament prosecutor in 1743. He showed his remarkable and extraordinary abilities in science from his childhood. Lavoisier was splendidly educated. In 1764 Lavoisier graduated from the Law Faculty of Paris University but simultaneously he worked in natural sciences, especially in physics and chemistry. At the age of 23 he was awarded a medal by the Academy of Sciences for a paper on the lighting of a large town. In 1772 Lavoisier became a member of the Academy of Sciences and its Director in 1785.
He was practically the first to introduce quantitative methods in chemical investigations but it was not the only thing he had done. His interests in chemistry were very wide. He worked at the problems of oxidation, he proved the significance of carbon dioxide in the process of breathing.
Lavoisier proved that air was not a chemical compound but a mixture. He was the first to demonstrate that no weight is gained or lost in a chemical change, a fact that we have referred to as the law of conservation of matter. Lavoisier was also a good businessman. His business operations gave him a lot of money, a small part of it being enough for all his scientific experiments.
Antoine Lavoisier was a politician as well. During the French Bourgeois Revolution he supported the adherents of constitutional monarchy. Later he was put before the court and executed in 1793.
Vocabulary:
To transform - преобразовать
Contribution - вклад
To consider - считать
Prosecutor - прокурор
To show abilities – проявить способности
Simultaneously - одновременно
To award - награждать
To introduce - вводить
Quantitative - количественный
Significance - значение
Compound - соединение
Mixture - смесь
To gain - приобретать
To refer – называть, ссылаться на
Adherent – сторонник, приверженец
To execute – казнить
I. Give English equivalents:
Преобразовал науку химию, проявил необыкновенные способности, был блестяще образован, естественные науки, в возрасте, ввести количественные методы, проблемы окисления, процесс дыхания, он первым продемонстрировал, закон сохранения вещества, предстал перед судом.
II. Complete the sentences:
1. Lavoisier was called …
2. He was born in the family …
3. He showed his remarkable and extraordinary abilities in science since …
4. In 1764 Lavoisier graduated from …
5. Simultaneously he worked in …
6. In 1772 Lavoisier became a member of …
7. He was practically the first to introduce …
8. He worked at the problems of …
9. Lavoisier proved that air …
10. He was the first to demonstrate …
III. Translate the sentences into English:
1. Лавуазье называли «отцом современной химии».
2. Он родился в семье прокурора Парижского парламента.
3. Он был блестяще образован.
4. В возрасте 23 лет Лавуазье был награжден медалью Академии наук.
5. Он первым ввел количественные методы в химические исследования.
6. Он доказал значение двуокиси углерода в процессе дыхания.
7. Он доказал, что воздух – это не химическое соединение, а смесь.
8. Лавуазье продемонстрировал, что вес не приобретается и не теряется при химических преобразованиях.
9. Этот факт называется законом сохранения вещества.
10. Его деловые операции приносили ему много денег.
IV. Speak about Antoine Lavoisier according to the plan:
1. Lavoisier’s childhood.
2. His education.
3. His work at the Academy of Sciences.
4. Lavoisier’s contribution to chemistry.
5. Lavoisier as a businessman.
6. Lavoisier as a politician.
СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН
| Прямая речь | Present Simple | Present Continuous | Рresent Perfect | Раst Simple | Раst Perfect | Future Simple |
| Косвенная речь | Past Simplee | Past Соntinuous | Раst Pеrfect | Рast Perfect | Past Perfect | Future Simple in the Раst |
