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-1,3 () , 4,5C. , 2--1,3 () 34C. ; .

.

, , - : 1 2 ( 1,2-), 1 4 ( 1,4-) .

I.

1.

)

1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1

CH2=CH CH2 CH = CH2 + H H → CH3 CH2 CH2 CH = CH2

-1,4 -1

5 4 3 2 1

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 + H H → CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

-1

)

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

CH2 = CH CH = CH CH3 + H H → CH3 CH = CH CH2 CH3

-1,3 -2

1 2 3 4 5

CH3 CH = CH CH2 CH3 + H H → CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

-2

2.

1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1

CH2=CH CH2 CH = CH2 + Br Br → CH2Br CHBr CH2 CH = CH2

-1,4 4.5--1

5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1

CH2Br CHBr CH2 CH = CH2 + Br Br → CH2Br CHBr CH2 CHBr CH2Br

4,5--1 1,2,4,5-

)

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

CH2 = CH CH = CH CH3 + Br Br → CH2Br CH = CH CHBr CH3

-1,3 1.4--2

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

CH2Br CH = CH CHBr CH3 + Br Br → CH2Br CHBr CHBr CHBr CH3

1,4--2 1,2,3,4-

3. ( : HX ( X -Hal, -OH ..) - , X )

1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1

CH2=CH CH2 CH = CH2 + H Br → CH3 CHBr CH2 CH = CH2

-1,4 4--1

5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1

CH3 CHBr CH2 CH = CH2 + H Br → CH3 CHBr CH2 CHBr CH3

4--1 2,4-

)

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

CH2 = CH CH = CH CH3 + H Br → CH3 CH = CH CHBr CH3

-1,3 4--2

1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1

CH3 CH = CH CHBr CH3 + H Br → CH3 CH2 CHBr CHBr CH3

4--2 2,3-

5 4 3 2 1

→ CH3 CHBr CH2 CHBr CH3

2,4-

4. ( )

1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1

CH2=CH CH2 CH = CH2 + H OH → CH3 CH OH CH2 CH = CH2

-1,4 -1-4

5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1

CH3 CH OH CH2 CH = CH2 + H OH → CH3 CH OH CH2 CH OH CH3

-1-4 -2,4

)

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

CH2 = CH CH = CH CH3 + H OH → CH3 CH = CH CH OH CH3

-1,3 -2-4

1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1

CH3 CH = CH CH OH CH3 + H OH → CH3 CH2 CH OH CH OH CH3

-2-4 -2,3

5 4 3 2 1

→ CH3 CH OH CH2 CH OH CH3

-2,4

5. ( )

1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1

CH2=CH CH2 CH = CH2 + H O-SO2-OH → CH3 CH CH2 CH = CH2

|

O-SO2-OH

5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1

CH3 CH CH2 CH = CH2 + H O-SO2-OH → CH3 CH CH2 CH CH3

| | |

O-SO2-OH O-SO2-OH O-SO2-OH

)

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

CH2 = CH CH = CH CH3 + H O-SO2-OH → CH3 CH = CH CH CH3

|

O-SO2-OH

1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1

CH3 CH = CH CH CH3 + H O-SO2-OH → CH3 CH2 CH CH CH3

| | |

O-SO2-OH HO-2OS-O O-SO2-OH

5 4 3 2 1

→ CH3 CH CH2 CH CH3

| |

O-SO2-OH O-SO2-OH

6. ( ), :

1 2 3 4 6 5 4 3 2 1

CH3 CH3 + CH2=C CH = CH2 → CH3 CH2 CH2 CH CH = CH2

| |

CH3 CH3

2--1,3 3--1

6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH CH=CH2 + CH3CH3 → CH3 CH2 CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

| |

CH3 CH3

3--1 4-

7. , , :

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

CH2=CHCH=CH2 + CH2=CHCH=CH2 → CH2=CHCH=CH CH2CH2CH=CH2

-1,3 -1,3,7

II. .

1.

t0

2C4H6 + 11 O2 () → 8 CO2 + 6 H2O

t0

2C4H6 + 7 O2 () → 8 CO + 6 H2O

t0

2C4H6 + 3 O2 ( ) → 8 C + 6 H2O

2.

t0, Kt

2 CH2=CH CH = CH2 + O2 → CH2 CH CH = CH2

\ /

O

-1 ( -1)

t0, Kt

2 CH2 CH CH = CH2 + O2 → CH2 CH CH CH2

\ / \ / \ /

O O O

( )

3.

KMnO4 4 3 2 1

CH2=CH CH = CH2 + [O] + H OH → CH2 CH CH = CH2

| |

OH OH

(-1-1,2)

KMnO4 4 3 2 1

CH2 CH CH = CH2 + [O] + H OH → CH2 CH CH CH2

| | | | | |

OH OH OH OH OH OH

(-1,2,3,4)

KMnO4 .

III. .

t0, kt

n CH2 = CH CH=CH2 → ( CH2 CH = CH CH2 )n

-1,3

H H H CH2

\ / \ /

C = C C = C

/ \ / \

H2C CH2 H2C H

- -

.

1. (1932.)

450oC, Al2O3, ZnO

2 CH3 CH2 OH → CH2=CH CH = CH2 + H2O + H2

-1,3

2.

500-600⁰C, Kt

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 → CH2=CH CH = CH2 + H2

- -1,3

( )

500-600⁰C, Kt

CH3 CH CH2 CH3 → CH2=CH CH = CH2 + H2

| |

CH3 CH3

2- 2--1,3

()

500-600⁰C, MgO, ZnO

CH2 = CH CH2 CH3 → CH2=CH CH = CH2 + H2

-1 -1,3

3.

Br Br

| | , to

CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 + 2 KOH → CH3 = CH CH = CH3 + 2 KBr + 2 H2O

1,4- -1,3

Br Br

| | , to

CH2 CH2 CH CH3 + 2 KOH → CH3 = CH CH = CH3 + 2 KBr + 2 H2O

1,3- -1,3

( 2,3- 2,2- )

5. . .

, .

15 . , . - − , . . , . . , .

() (91-96%). , . , , :

- ;

- .

- .

- (-, - ), , , , .

, . . . 1823 , . , , . , . , .

1839 . , , . , , , , : , . .

, . 10 . 5 . . , .

, 8- , , . . , : ( 32% ), - !

20 , , . , . , , 3 , 5 , . 100 . 12 . , . .

, . . . . 20 XX , . . : - -1,3 () - . -1,3, . 1932 .

20 , , , − . , ! 20 .

− , . , .

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