19
PVP-
1. PVP-.
2. .
3. .
PVP-
PVP (Parallel Vector Process) . PVP- - , , . , (1-16) ( SMP) . ( MPP). , ( 64 /, 2 , ), . , , . , PVP- (general purpose systems). , , .
PVP-:
1) CRAY X1, SMP-. .
2) NEC SX-6, NUMA-. 8 , 9,6 . 512 .
3) Fujitsu-VPP5000 (vector parallel processing), MPP-. 9.6 , 1249 , 8 . 512 .
PVP- ( ) ( ).
:
- , . , , 128 256;
- , , 128 256.
( ) PVP- .
( ), - . , . , . - : , . (Fast/Gigabit Ethernet, Myrinet) . , ("off the shelf"), , , .
|
|
, , , -, . , , .
( . . ):
- I. , ( , , ).
- II. . , , .
, . :
- ;
- ;
- .
, , , . , , , , .
. . , , , ( ) , . . .
, ( ). web-.
|
|
1994 . (Sterling) . (Becker) 16- Intel DX4, 10 / Ethernet . "Beowulf" . NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Earth and Space Sciences. - , Beowulf. , , . Beowulf-, , , ( ), () , . , , Linux, (, Ethernet) . , "Beowulf". , Beowulf. Beowulf Linux, PVM, MPI, . , .
( ) , . , , . , 10 , . , , , 10 10 .
16- , . , (.1).
1 -
6 ( , ). , 4, . 16 . , . . , (.2), 8) (.3), 8. , . , 16 . , , , 4.
2 - , 3-
3 - , 4-
, . : , "" (.4), "" .
|
|
4 - (Chordal Ring)
" " (fat-tree) (.5, 6). "fat-tree" (hypertree) (C.E. Leiserson) 1985 . , . , .
5 - "Fat-tree"
6 - "Fat-tree" ( )
, , , . , , , , (Linux, FreeBSD), . , , MPP-, Massive Passing Programming Paradigm ( MPI). , .
:
1. PVP-, PVP-.
2. , .
3. .
:
1. /.. , .. , .. , .. / .: . - , 2004. 176 .