18
SMP-, MPP- NUMA
1. SMP-.
2. MPP-.
3. NUMA.
SMP-
SMP (symmetric multiprocessing) . SMP , .
1 - SMP-
, , , . SMP- . . SMP- (SGI PowerPath, Sun Gigaplane, DEC TurboLaser), : (), / (I/O) . . I/O (PCI, VME64). SMP- SMP-c Intel (IBM, HP, Compaq, Dell, ALR, Unisys, DG, Fujitsu .) ( UNIX-, Intel- Windows NT). ( ) , .
SMP-:
) . SMP , : , . , . , . SMP- ;
) . , SMP- , , ;
) .
SMP-:
) . SMP- - . , , . . , . 8-24 . , ( ) () . . 32 .
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SMP NUMA-. SMP- (shared memory paradigm).
MPP-
MPP (massive parallel processing) - . , . , , (), () , / /. , (. .2). () . . , , . () MPP-. () (front-end), , . UNIX- , .
2 -
MPP -:
) : SMP-, , . , (ASCI Red, ASCI Blue Pacific).
MPP -:
) , , . ;
) ;
) , . - .
-1000, IBM RS/6000 SP, SGI/CRAY T3E, ASCI, Hitachi SR8000, Parsytec.
CRAY T3E SGI, Dec Alpha 21164 1200 / (CRAY T3E-1200), 2048 .
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MPP- Massive Passing Programming Paradigm (MPI, PVM, BSPlib).
NUMA
NUMA (nonuniform memory access) . .
. , : , , . (), . . , , .. . , . , NUMA MPP (-) , SMP (c ) . SMP- , SMP- , .
(.3): SMP-. "" (Butterfly):
3 -
C. , Exemplar. , SMP-. HP SPP. . (S.R.Cray) , cc-NUMA (Cache Coherent Non-Uniform Memory Access), " ". Origin.
, . , - , , , , . , , - .
:
) (snoopy bus protocol), , ;
) , .
cc-NUMA : HP 9000 V-class SCA-, SGI Origin3000, Sun HPC 15000, IBM/Sequent NUMA-Q 2000. cc-NUMA- 1000 ( Origin3000). , SMP. "" , "" . NUMA-, , SMP, (shared memory paradigm).
:
1. SMP?
2. SMP-?
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3. MPP?
4. MPP -?
5. NUMA?
6. ?
:
1. /.. , .. , .. , .. / .: . - , 2004. 176 .