b = 2/1
(8.3.19). 2 = 1, t, = 0. , 2, t, , max 2/ 1= b. 2/ 1= b t, , (8.3.19), . t, 2/ 1 < b ( ).
. - 1839 . .
b < 2/ 1 < 1 2 , , 2 = . . . 1 2 = . ( ) . w2 : (8.3.1), (8.3.2), (8.3.3), (8.3.5), (8.3.6), (8.3.14), (8.3.15), t, (8.3.18) (8.3.19)
0 < 2/ 1 < b ( ) 2 . , , , (! , , ). 1 2, 1 ¢ > 2, . ¢ ¢ = b 1.
b , t, = t, , max, (8.3.19) b :
. (8.4.1)
(8.4.1) ,
.
:
. (8.4.2)
, :
(8.4.3)
b, (8.4.3), b . () , , ¢ :
(8.4.4)
(8.4.4) , b k ( ), .
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, , (, , ) , 2 = .
(8.4.4) ¢, t, , wmax. , .
t, , max (8.3.19), 2/ 1 b (8.4.4). b ( , w). w 1 = 0, w 1 > 0.
t, , max . w 1 w . . :
k, , k, (k 1,40) t, ,max :
(8.4.6)
(k 1,33) :
(8.4.7)
(8.4.5) , t, , max , 1 v 1, S 2 , k ( ).
, , ¢, w.
w (8.3.15), 2/ 1 b (8.4.4).
(8.4.8) , w 1, v 1, 1 k . , , w 1, , .
k, w:
:
:
w ¢ v¢ , v¢ , 3/.
:
. (8.4.9)
(8.4.4) :
(8.4.10)
(8.4.10) (8.4.9), :
(8.4.11)
(8.4.10) (8.4.11), :
(8.4.8) 1 v 1 (8.4.12), :
¢ , .
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¢ , (8.4.4):
(8.4.13) , w , , w . , 2 = ¢ , = ¢ v = v¢ .
w .= w , ¢ w .> w. , ( ) . , w 2 , , , (w. - w 2) . ( 2 = ) ( 1 - 2) , w 2. ,
2 = ( ),
2 > . ' > 2, ' , ( ) E .
w 2 w, w, , , , [ w, - (w 2 = w)] = 0. 2 , . , . £ '. ( 2 = ' ) 1 = const
w 2 = w = const.
, , , b b , :
.
b < b, , (8.4.5) (8.4.8), , .
, , w 2, w. .
( ) . , , , (dS < 0). , w,
(dS = 0). w , . , , 2 < . 2 = , , .
, , ( ). , , . , . .
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( )
, , , , . , . ; , , , - .
, . , , , , S 2 .
S 2 , w 2. 2 , , .
, w w 1 = 0 ( ) w 1 > 0 ( ) w , w . , . , , . .
w . w 2 > w 2 = ( ).
, , , .
, .
(8.4.8) (8.4.5), .