, . . .
, . .
, - , .
.
, ( 19291930 .) . , , . .
(19301941 .)
.
1933 1935 . : . . , . . , . . . . .
; , ; ( . . ); . - .
, (1941-1970 .), , . , , , .
|
|
- ; , , . . .
1. .
.
() , , .
.
- .
64h14 90, 50h8 84. 40H9 42H9 50.
Ra2,5
Ra3,5
ø50h8 Ra3,2
Ra6,3
30 | 25, 35 |
30 | 1050-88 |
30 | , , , , , , , , . |
% 30
C | Si | Mn | Ni | S | P | Cr | Cu | As |
0.27 - 0.35 | 0.17 - 0.37 | 0.5 - 0.8 | 0.25 | 0.04 | 0.035 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.08 |
30
Ac1 = 730, Ac3(Acm) = 820, Ar3(Arcm) = 796, Ar1 = 680, Mn = 380 |
=20o 30
. | s | sT | d5 | y | KCU | . | ||
- | - | % | % | / 2 | - | |||
30 , | HB 10 -1 = 179 |
30 , | HB 10 -1 = 207 |
30 , | HB 10 -1 = 156 |
30
T | E 10- 5 | a 10 6 | l | r | C | R 10 9 |
1/ | /() | /3 | /() | |||
1.96 | 12.1 | |||||
1.91 | 12.9 | |||||
1.85 | 13.6 | |||||
14.2 | ||||||
14.7 | ||||||
1.64 | ||||||
15.2 | ||||||
T | E 10- 5 | a 10 6 | l | r | C | R 10 9 |
|
|
30.
: | . |
: | . |
: | . |
:
: | |
s | - , [] |
sT | - ( ), [] |
d5 | - , [ % ] |
y | - , [ % ] |
KCU | - , [ / 2] |
HB | - , [] |
: | |
T | - , , [] |
E | - , [] |
a | - () ( 20o - T), [1/] |
l | - ( ), [/()] |
r | - , [/3] |
C | - ( 20o - T), [/()] |
R | - , [] |
30: | |
- | |
- 100-120 . | |
- |
7817 /3
:
- ;
- .
-
- .
- .
- .
. , .
, | , | σ0,2, | σB, | δ5, % | ψ, % | KCU, /2 | HB | |||||||
175 | 300-500 | 101-143 | ||||||||||||
175 | 500-800 | 101-143 | ||||||||||||
195 | 100-300 | 111-156 | ||||||||||||
195 | 300-500 | 111-156 | ||||||||||||
195 | 500-800 | 111-156 | ||||||||||||
215 | 100-300 | 123-167 | ||||||||||||
215 | 300-500 | 123-167 | ||||||||||||
215 | 500-800 | 123-167 | ||||||||||||
245 | <100 | 143-179 | ||||||||||||
245 | 100-300 | 143-179 | ||||||||||||
245 | 300-500 | 143-179 |
2.1
. . m=1.38 , 1300 .
|
|
, .
1
, . | |||||
, | () | () | |||
1,0 | 10...1500 | 1500...75000 | 75000...200000 | ||
1,0...2,5 | 10...1000 | 1000...50000 | 50000...100000 | ||
2,5...5,0 | 10...500 | 500...35000 | 35000...75000 | ||
5,0...10,0 | 10...300 | 300...25000 | 25000...50000 | ||
10 | 10...200 | 200...10000 | 10000...25000 |
, . , , . . , . . .
.
:
,
n - ;
N - 1300 ;
253 - ;
q - , . 5...8 .
n =25.6 ., q =5 .
t = F * 60 / N,
F - , 2030 ;
N - , 1300 ..
t =93.7 /.
.
8752-79 .
:
Q ;
- , .
. 3.1108 74, = 110 .
2.2.
30 1050-88
30: , , , , , , , , .
, 30 1-2 , 4-14 . , , :
16523-97
19903-74 1577-93
7417-75, 8559-75, 8560-78, 10702-78
14955-77 10702-78
17305-91 5663-79
6009-74, 2284-79 10234-77
103-2006 82-70 1577-93
, , , , , , , . , , , . , , , , 30 , .
|
|
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. 1. .
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- : (. 2, ), , 0,5 ; (. 2, ), 0,5 ÷ 1,5 ; , , , 0,5 ÷ 3, (. 2, ).
- 1,5 ÷ 2 .
- 0,15 - (. 165, ).
- (. 2, ).
- (. 2, ) .
. 2. , - .
1,38 , 1, 1, 4. 10
.
, | ||
. - . | . | |
. . | . | |
. 1620 | ||
. 1620 | 64h14 | |
. 1620 | 50h8 . | |
. 1620 | 50h8 . | |
1620 | ||
1620 | , . | |
1620 | ||
1620 | ||
1620 | ||
1620 | ||
, | . |
2.4.
, , .
, | , | |
63 100 | ||
50 80 | 4,0 | |
1,5 | ||
0,4 |
.
: - . , , .
2Z1=4.0-
|
|
2Z2=1,5-
2Z1=5,5
2Z2=1,5
2Z3=0.4
2Z=2Z1+2Z2+2Z3
2Z=7,4
D0=d+2Zd=64+7,4=71,4
L0=L+ZL1+ZL2=90+7,4+7,4=104,8
D0=d+2Z1=64+5,5=69,5
L0=L+ ZL1+ZL2=90+5,5+5,5=101
D0=d+2Z2=64+1,5=65,5
L0=L+ ZL1+ZL2=90+1,5+1,5=93