Variant 1
Task 1. Translate the text into Ukrainian.
Youth subculture is a distinctive culture consisting of young persons whose norms, values, and roles differ significantly from those of the surrounding society. Youth cultures exist in almost all societies, but the degree to which they differ from the main culture varies.
The category youth is a product of social definition, as well as biological maturation. The content and duration of this period depends on the society. Where youth is a clearly marked stage, there will be a strong tendency for a youth culture to develop (this is especially true of contexts with an age-based division of labor.)
In modern societies the emergence of youth culture is inevitable. Because of the economic reasons and complexities of the technological society the young are long excluded from adult responsibilities. During this period young people are trained for their future roles in specialized institutions.
Task 2. Make up 5 key-questions to the text.
Task 3. Give English-Ukrainian equivalents to the following English-Ukrainian words:
Division of a society into layers, multidimensional social class, permanent social class on the basis of traits, means of production, to depend on the distribution of three resources, to earn a living, to derive some benefit from, innate characteristics, the only legitimate route, competition, to impose norms and values on others, to be treated as inferior, collective discrimination.
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Task 4. Translate into English:
1. . , .
2. , .
Task 5. Answer the following questions:
1. What is social stratification? What does it depend on?
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Variant 2
Task 1. Translate the text into Ukrainian.
The peer group becomes the primary reference group. In addition, modern industrial societies are marked by rapid and continuing change, so that the experience of the older generation becomes irrelevant and sometimes useless for the young. (The opposite situation is in the pre-literate societies, where the older people are the repositories of experience and hence of relevant knowledge.)
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The young in the industrial societies of the West have acted as a radical political force in past years, but this tendency cannot be common. Youthful activization happens only at particular historical points, when the idealism of the young is directed towards conservative or reactionary things. In traditional societies, the young tend to be respectful to their elders, and they agree to undergo some initiation ceremonies and formalities to leave the ranks of the youth subculture and feel adult.
Task 2. Make up 5 key-questions to the text.
Task 3. Give English-Ukrainian equivalents to the following English-Ukrainian words:
To escape obstacles, to occupy similar statuses or positions, strictly forbidden, arbitrary social status on the basis of traits, refer to social standing, to ignore the complexities of social conflict, violence, inevitable and necessary part of social life, to be motivated, majority group, ethnicity, to receive equal treatment, biologically distinct races, to escape obstacles.
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Task 4. Translate into English:
1. , , , .
2. , , .
Task 5. Answer the following questions:
- What forms of social stratification can you name? Explain them. What are its main theories?
