1. v, T mc2?
2. T = 0.5 , , ?
3. 10B 0.72 - T1/2 = 6.7 10-10 . E -.
4. T = 10 .
5. , = 10- 9 . t L = 10 ?
6. = 3 10-11. p .
1. - T = 6.5 197Au. : 1) b -, = 900; 2) rmin - ; 3) (T') 4) (E') - .
2. T = 2 197Au. = 60. , 27Al?
3. a - T = 5 208Pb 900.
4. l = 1 -
j = 105 /2 . - T = 5 . - , = 170 ? S = 1 2.
5. d /d 197Au 15, , d = 7 /2 Q = 1 S = 0.5 2, l = 30 , N = 1.97 105 . .
6. T = 750 40Ca min = 18. 40Ca.
7. R A (A > 10) R r0A1/3.
r0 1.23 10-13 = 1.23 .
27Al, 90Zr, 238U.
8. .
9. mn = 939.6 mp = 938.3 . 2H , E(2,1) =2.2 .
10. 16O m(A,Z) = 15.9949 ... 16O.
11. ...: 16O - 15.9949, 15O - 15.0030, 15N - 15.0001. 16O?
|
|
12. - 38Ca, 40Ca, 48Ca.
13. , , 23Na, 23Mg. E(23Na) = 186.56 , E(23Mg) = 181.72 .
14. 27Si +- "" 27Al. 3.48 . .
1. . |l,s,j>n = |1,1/2,3/2>, |l,s,j>p = |1,1/2,3/2>. j?
. |l,s,j>1 = |1,1/2,3/2> |l,s,j>2 = |1,1/2,3/2>. j?
2. =0.86 N - j = 1 L = 0 (S1-), j = 1 L = 2 (D1-) .
3. , Q0 175Lu +5.9 2. ? ?
4. 85Rb Q = 0.7 . Q0, 85Rb J = 5/2.
5. I 10C, 11C, 12C, 13C, 14C.
6. 1s, 2s 3 90Zr .
7. J P - 15O, 16O, 17O, 18O.
8. , 180Hf " ".
9. 106Pd. 2+.
1. 32P 2 . ?
2. 131I ? 131I 193 .
3. W, 1 210Po , , E = 5.4 .
4. , , 40Ar 40K e-. 300 40Ar 40K.
5. - 226Ra 222Rn. 1 ? 226Ra T1/2(Ra) = 1600 , 222Rn - T1/2(Rn) = 3.82 .
6. 31P(n,p)31Si, , 31P d = 1 /2 J = 2 1010 -1 -2 t = 4 - I, t = 1 , I(t) = 3.9 106 /. T1/2(31Si) = 157.3 .
|
|
7. - , - 212Bi 208Tl 0,49 0,61 . E .(A,Z) 212Bi - 1654.32 , 208Tl - 1632.23 - - 28.30 .
8. l, - :
9. , ,
+ - 27Si.
10. 7Li, e- 7Be. - E(7Be) = 37.6 , E(7Li) = 39.3 .
11. -- 64Cu (64Cu 64Zn + e + e)
1) = 0, 2) Te = 0. 64Cu - 559.32 64Zn - 559.12 .
12. -
(114Cd) = -90.021 , (114In) = -88.379 (114Sn) = -90.558 .
- 114In.
13. , - 42Sc , 32P - -.
14. -:
- 89Sr(5/2+) 89Y(1/2-);
- 36Cl(2+) 36Ar(0+);
- 137Cs(7/2+) 137Ba(3/2+).
15. 17Ne , 17F, e - 17Ne. E(17Ne) = 112.91 , E(17F) = 128.23 E(16O)=126.63 .
16. -:
1) | 1- 0+, | 4) | 2+ 3-, |
2) | 1+ 0+, | 5) | 2+ 3+, |
3) | 2- 0+, | 6) | 2+ 2+. |
17. 208Pb 4- 3.475 . .
18. , l ,
,
- , Ze l - . , - 1 A 70.
19. = 1 (T = 300 K).
20. , 238U.
1. , 8Be.
2. Tmin , 16O(n, )13C?
3. 6Li(d, )4He ? : (d) = 1.11; () = 7.08; (6Li) = 5.33.
4. T 12.
- + 12 11 + n
- + 12 11 +
- + 14 12 + n + n
5. : 7Li(p, )4He 7Li(p, )8Be.
6. , ,
p + d p + p + n.
7. :
- + 7Li 10B+n;
- + 12C 14N + d
- T = 10 ?
8. X Q :
1. 35l + X 32S + ; | 4. 23Na + p 20Ne + X; |
2. 10B + X 7Li + ; | 5. 23Na + d 24Mg + X; |
3. 7Li + X 7Be + n; | 6. 23Na + d 24Na + X. |
9. Tmin , 10B E = 1.75 ?
10. : 14N + 17 + p, , :
1) -, 2) 14N. Q = 1.18 . .
11. :
|
|
1. d(p, )3He; | 5. 32S(,p)31P; |
2. d(d,3He)n; | 6.32 (,n)31S; |
3. 7Li(p,n)7Be; | 7. 32S(, )28Si; |
4. 3He(, )7Be; | 8. 4He(,p)7Li; |
12. : 1) 10 7Li; 2) 7Li 10 ?
13. 7LI -. -?
14. 9, 12C(n, )9Be.
15. 20.4 0.024 . ? ?
16. . - 100 . 40 ~25 . ? ?
17. - T = 10 12. .. 12C TC .
18. 7, 7Li(p,n)7Be
(Q = -1,65 ) Tp = 5 .
19. -, = 300 12C E = 4.44 , .., - = 450. -, .
20. - T = 5 7Li. ..., 7Li(,n)10B 10B pBe.
21. 32S(,p)35Cl 35Cl (1.219; 1.763; 2.646; 2.694; 3.003; 3.163 ). - 5.0 ? , 00 900 =5.0 .
22. .. ...
23. a= 5 1 . TB B 1, b = 300.
24. t(d,n) . Tn, 900 , , d = 0.2 .
25. 7Li(p,n)7Be. Tp = 5 . Tn = 1.75 . n ? T, 1 , 10 .
26. lt, 27Al(,t)28Si, - = 0.
27. p + 7Li 8Be* + ?
28. lp 12C(,p)11B, : 1) , 2- ; 2) 1/2+, 1- ; 3) , 1- ?
|
|
30. 4 - ln = 2. -, .
31. 8 -, l = 1. -, ?
32. ld 15N(n,d)14C, ln = 0.
33. 40C 1 -. ?
34. 12C 1 -. ?
35. 10 JP = 2+, I = 1?
36. - 3 238U 1500 1700.
37. d = 0.1 - N0 = 103 /c. - T = 5 . - , = 1700? = 19.3 /3.
38. - T = 10 = 1 /2. , = 30, S = 12, l = 20 . - ?
39. 27Al(p,d)26Al Tp = 62 , d = 90 d = 210-4 , Td = 45,3; 44,32; 40.91 . q = 2.19 , = 5 /2, N 5180, 1100 4570 . 26Al, . d /d .
40. 32S(,p)31P 31P -, 18 , 4 . 31P(p, )32S, 32S, 32S(,p)31P. , - .
41. J, 55Mn d=0.1 t = 15 , t = 150 I 2100 . 56Mn 2.58 , = 0.48 , = 7.42 /3.
42. d /d 900 10 /. , 1+2sin.
43. (Tn 1 ) . ?
44. , - T = 7 10.
45. 27l (,) 30Si - T 3.95; 4.84 6.57 . , .
46. = 2 112Sn?
47. Tn = 1 197Au.
48. Tn = 30 197Au.
49. - 20 56Fe 197Au.
50. 63Cu(p,n)63Zn, , :
60Ni(,p)63Zn - 0.7 ; 63Cu(p,pn)62Cu - 0.87 ; 60Ni(,pn)62Cu - 0.97 .
51. n 0+ 108Rh ( E0 =1.21 , = 0.21 ), Tn = 1 ab = 2700 . - I(107Rh) = 1/2.
52. , , 16O(p,d) 15O, 15O (JP =1/2-) (JP =3/2-).
53. 35Cl(d,p)36Cl ln . , , ln , 36Cl .
|
|
54. 24Mg 1.37 , - T = 40 , - 100.
55. , (d,p) 58Ni, T=15 , 59Ni .
1. 0-, , - , . -?
2. p - , K+ -: K+ + + + + -. :
= 493.646 , = 139.658 .
3. X, :
1) ; 2) ; 3) .
4. : 1) ; 2) ; 3) .
5. , : 1) ; 2) ; 3) .
6. : p, n, , 0, 0, -.
7. , .
8. p-p, n-n, p-n.
9. , "", ,
++, -, - .
10. , : 1) 2) 3)
11. : 1) ; 2) ; 3) - ; 4) ; 5) - . ?
12. - - .
13. , ?
1) ; 2) ; 3) .
14.
1) , 2) , 3) , 4) . ?
15. K + - ? , .
1) ; | 3) ; |
2) ; | 4) ; |
16. . , .
17. , (e+e- ) (-1)L+1, L - e+ e-.
18. 0-, , L?
19. ?
20. 0 e + e ?
21. ( 104 ) , ?
22. , c(1S) (1S) +1 -1.
23. : , , , , ?
24. , h .
25. + - . , + - . C-, P-, CP-, T- CPT- .
26. sin2 W = 0.226 + 0.005 gW e.
27. , , , , , ?
28. L t , (1956 - 1959 ..), 10-43 2.
29. .
30. Z .
31. , , +. , .
32. "" ?
33. u d- , , 1/3 .
34. - (t) () t - , ( ) (b )?
35. , JP = 1/2+ : .
36. , 1/2+ , u u u, d d d, s s s.
37. 0?
38. 0- : 0 + . ? . , 0 ?
39. , , , .
40. , ?
41. , n + 0 . ?
42. 1) ; 2) ? .
43. - - ( 1197 1232 /2) :
- n + -,
- n + -.
? w , s 1.
44. - + p + K0 , .. ~10-23. K0 ~10-10 . w / s.
45. K+ + + K+?
46. p +, + p + +.
47. (, -) K- + 4He + 0. , , ,
J() = 0. , K-, , K- .
48. , p- + d n + n + 0 .
49. 34Cl +-: 34Cl 34S + e+ + e. -
+-: + 0 + e+ + e. +-? + +-, , 34Cl = 1.5 , = 2.6 10-8 e+ e 10-4.
50. n = 890 , = 2.2 10-6 . , ( ), 10.
51. 2.2 10-6 . -, , +