,
_____________________..
_____________________2016 .
-459
____________________ ..
____________________2016 .
___________________________ _____________________2016 .
2016
, .. . . : , -460, 24 ., 11 ., 2 ., . 6 ., 1 .
.
, , , , , .
, , , .
.. 4
1. .. 5
2. .. 12
3. .. 15
4. .. 17
5. .. 24
.. 27
.. 28
.. 29
20 . , , . , . , , . , , , , , .. . . . . . , . . .
|
|
.
60- 70- . Cray , . , . Cray Inc. , , IBM Hewlett Packard. Cray-1, 1974 - . 133 . Cray-1 , . Cray-X1E, , , - 147 ( ) .
, . , , . LINPACK BENCHMARK, (Jack Dongarra). LINPACK . , . LINPACK 60 80%.
1.1 Cray-1
rn=||Ax-f||∞ /(||A||1Nε);
r1 =||Ax-f||∞ /(||A||1||x||1ε);
r∞ =||Ax-f||∞ /(||A||∞||x||∞ε).
, . ε .
Rmax , Linpack ( HPL). . TFLOPS.
Rpeak . TFLOPS.
2.1 39- Top500, 18 2012