. , , . . " " .
XIX XX , , , , .
"" (. ergon +nomos ) 1949 ., . , , - . , . 1961 , ( 30).
1957 "", .
1965 . . "". "", . , ". , , , , . "".
1957 . . " " " " (human factors engineering) , , "".
1970 . , 20, 43 42 . , , , .
1921 . " " . - .
1970 10 , . . - . , , , .