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.

{xn}, e N, xn , n>N,

êxn - a ê < e. (1.1)

: xn a.

(1.1)

a- e < xn < a + e, (1.2)

, x n, n>N, (a-e, a+e), .. e- .

, , , - .

, xn = f(n) n.

f(x) a - D(f), .. , D(f), a. a D(f), .

1. f(x) xa, {xn} , , {f(xn)} .

, .

2. f(x) xa, , e, d >0 ( e), x, d- , .. x,
0 < ½x-a½ < d, f(x) e- , .. êf(x)-A ê < e.

, e - d.

1 2 . f(x) x a , ,

f(x) = A. (1.3)

, {f(xn)} ( ) x , , f(x) , :

f(x) = ¥ ( f(x) = - ¥).

(.. ), , .

, , .

.

1. f(x)=A, g(x)=B,

(f(x)+(g(x)) = A + B, (1.4)

f(x) g(x) = AB, (1.5)

f(x)/g(x) = A/B (B ¹ 0). (1.6)

. 0/0, ¥ /¥, 0 × ¥, ¥ - ¥ , , , .

2. (f(x))a = ( f(x)) a, a = const, (1.7)

.. , , ;

bf(x) =bA, b = const, f(x)=A; (1.8)

logc f(x) = logc f(x), c = const. (1.9)

3. = 1, = 1, a = const, a >0,

= 1, (1.10)

(1 + a)1/ a = e, (1.11)

e 2.7 - . (1.10) (1.11) .

(1.11):

= logc e, (1.12)

(aa - 1)/a = ln a, (1.13)

((1 + a) m - 1)/a = m, (1.14)

,

= 1.

E x a x > a, x a+0. , , a=0, 0+0 +0. xa x<a, xa-0. f(x) . f(x) xa , = .

f(x) x0,

. (1.15)

(1.15) :

,

, .

(1.15) , , x = xo f(x) . y = 1/x. R, x = 0. x = 0 D(f), , .. , 0, D(f), . f(xo)= f(0) , xo = 0 .

f(x) xo,

,

xo,

.

xo .

, xo, , , , -, , -, f(xo). , , .

1. f(xo), , f(x) xo , .

2. ¥ , , xo .

, y = ctg x x +0 , +¥, , x=0 . y = E(x) ( x) , .

, [a,b], [a,b]. .

, - . , , : , , , ..

. . , e . e e = . . , , . , . 100 . . 100 % . , 100 . . 200 .. , 100 . ., . 100 . . 100 × 1,5 = 150, - 150 × 1,5 = 225 (. .). 1/3 , 100 . . 100 × (1 +1/3)3237 (. .). 0,1 , 0,01 , 0,001 .. 100 . . :

100 × (1 +1/10)10 259 (. .),

100 × (1+1/100)100 270 (. .),

100 × (1+1/1000)1000 271 (. .).

, , 271. 2,71 , 100% , , ,

= e.

1. , , xn =(n-1)/n , 1.

. , , e>0 , N, , n > N ½ xn -1 ½<e.

e >0. ½ xn -1 ½=½(n+1)/n - 1½= 1/n, N 1/n<e. n>1/e , , N 1/e, N = E(1/e). , xn = 1.

2. , xn = .

. . n ¥ , . xn, n2, n. , , :

xn = .

3. xn = . xn.

. = .

: .

4. ().

. , ¥ - ¥. :

= .

5. f(x)=21/x. , .

. 1 . { xn }, 0, .. xn =0. , f(xn)= -. xn = 1/n. , 1/n =0, = 2n = +¥. xn xn = -1/n, . = 2- n= 1/2n = 0. 2 1/x .

6. , sin x .

. x1, x2,..., xn,... - ,
xn = ¥. {f(xn)} = {sin xn } xn ¥?

xn= pn, sin xn= sin pn = 0 n sin xn =0.
xn=2pn+p/2, sin xn= sin(2pn+p/2) = sin p/2 = 1 n sin xn =1. , sin x .

7. .

. : = 5 . t = 5x. x0 : t0. (3.10), 5 .

8. .

. y=p-x. xp, y0.:

sin 3x = sin 3(p-y) = sin (3p-3y) = sin 3y.

sin 4x = sin 4(p-y) = sin (4p-4y)= - sin 4y.

=- .

9. .

. arcsin x=t. x=sin t x0 t0. = .

10. 1) ; 2) ; 3) .

.

1. 1 , : .

, , 1 , : = .

2. , .. 0/0. . . x-2, x ¹ 2 :

= .

(x+1) ¹ 0, , ,

= = .

3. x¥ . . x2 :

= .

11. .

. : , x-90, .. .

, ,

.

12. .

. = .

6.2.

, .. , (, , . .). - . - , , . :

S = P(1 + i)n. (1.16)

P - , i - ( ), S - , n - . , . , , . , : S, n, P. , S , S - P . P, S, , , S. :

P = Þ P = = 0.

, .

- , . . , . - , , . ( ) , , , . , m :

S =P (1 + i/m) mn.

, m - , i - . m, . m ¥ :

`S = P (1 + i/m) mn = P ((1 + i/m) m) n.

(1 + i/m) m = e i, `S = P e in.

- , . , , . , , d, `S = Pe .

d m¥. .

.

, , - , . , , . (), () . , , , . -, . . - , , . .

13. 1 . , , - 5% . 10 6 ´ 1,053 3 , 10 6 ´ 1,052, 2 . . , : 10 6 ´ 1,053; 10 6 ´ 1,052; 10 6 ´ 1,05; 10 6. . , . : S - , R - ,
i - ( ), n - ( ). n - 1, n - 2,..., 2, 1 0 ,

R (1 + i)n - 1, R (1 + i)n - 2,..., R (1 + i), R.

. (1+i) R. . : S = R´((1 + i)n - 1)/((1 + i) - 1) =
= R´((1 + i)n - 1)/ i. S n; i = ((1 + i)n - 1)/ i . m , S = R´((1 + i/m)mn - 1)/((1 + i/m) m - 1), i - .

a n; i = (1 - (1 + i) - n)/ i . n ¥ , :

a n; i = (1 - (1 + i) - n)/ i =1/i.

14. , - . - , .
,
, :
R´((1 + i)n - 1)/ i ¥ n ¥.

a n; i 1/i, A = R/i, . . .





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