, HA , =[OH-][HA]/[A-] H2O- .
( ), . : =[H+][MOH]/[M+] , ( ).
h , . : =h2Cm/(1-h) h<<1=> =h2Cm
h=(/Cm)1/2 => ,
, , ,
-
OH- H+. OH- PH>7. H+ PH<7. OH- H+ PH=7.
NH4++HOHóNH4OH+H+ pH<7
CN-+HOHóHCN+OH- pH>7
10. . . - -. i , - . - Δ ( )
Δp=ip0n2/n1+n2 - ; n2- -;n1- - -; i - -.
2. - -,
Δt=iKm - -; m- - -
3. - ,
Δt=im - -.
4. ,
=iCRT - ; R-8,31 /(-1-1); - , .
- , /; R-8,31 --1-1; - -, .
i
i=Δp/Δp =Δt/Δt =Δt/Δt = /
- -.i : i=1+(k-1)
=(i-1)/(k-1) k- , pa- 1 k=2,|12 k=3
, -. .
/ 12. . -.
.+
, , , -:2ó++- K=[+][-]/[2]
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, [2]= ,1000/18 = 55,55 /. .
K[2]=[+][-]=KH2O KH2O,= - + -, . -- 25 10-7/.=>KH2O=10-14( 25) - - , - , KH2O . , - , .25 [+]+[-]=10-7 /. - + - , ;
pH=-lg[H+]; pOH=-lg[QH-]
KH2O, : +=14
25 +=14. =7, <7, > 7.
( ) , BaS04=Ba+2+S04-2 , K= αBA+2+αso4-2/αBaSO4
, => KBaSO4 . => +2 SO2-2 , , : αBA+2+αso4-2=
, ( ), .
, , . -. , BaSO4 10-5 BaSO4 :
BaSO4=[+2][So4-2] 3PO4= [2+]3[PO4-3]2; - . . , - . ., - - , . . . , (, , - ), - , , .=> , - .
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