:
1. . .
2. . .
3. .
:
1)
() a, b, c,
Pn,Qn,Rn, (n )
- fn,gn,hn, (n )
x, y, z,...
& , , ,
,
() ,
2)
fn n - , t1,t2,,tn ,
fn(t1,t2,,tn)
Pn n- , t1,t2,,tn ,
Pn (t1,t2,,tn)
,
,
( ) , ( ) , (&)
, ,
-
-
:
1. α .
xP(x,y,x) 3 ,
2. .
αA, αA
3. / .
α , α α.
α , α.
4. /
, α .
, α .
: x( yP(x,y,z) R(x,y,z))
- , y - , z -
5. . (α /t)
t :
α .
- t.
:
U ( ) , . () . U=
|
|
:
- (, , -)
- ( )
I ( ) U < U, I > -
:
. , U. I U
I: I (k) U
, , , , . , U
I: I (n) Un
- . - , U
I: I(n) - Un → U.
:
φ U , .
I: φ (α) U
U I m = <U,I>,
U
I .
- .
:
.
:
α
k
n (t1,t2,,tn)
t m φ:
- |t| m φ |t| φ
| α | φ = φ (α)
| k | φ = I (k)
| n (t1,t2,,tn) | φ = [ I()] (| t1| φ,| t2| φ,....| tn | φ)
4. : , , .
, () ()
:
, U, t1,t2,,tn, , U, n
| n (t1,t2,,tn)| φ = ↔ <| t1| φ,| t2| φ,....| tn | φ > I (n)
| n (t1,t2,,tn)| φ = ↔ <| t1| φ,| t2| φ,....| tn | φ > I (n)
| | φ = ↔ || φ =
| | φ = ↔ || φ =
& , , , ,
| & | φ = ↔ || φ = &˚ || φ =
| & | φ = ↔ || φ = ˚ || φ =
, , ,
| |φ = ↔ ||φ = ˚ ||φ=
| |φ = ↔ ||φ = &˚ ||φ=
|
|
,
| |φ = ↔ ||φ = ˚ ||φ=
| | φ = ↔ ||φ = &˚ ||φ=
α , ψ, φ , α,
| α |φ = ↔ ˚ψ (ψ= α φ ˚ |A|ψ = ) ψ= α φ ψ
| α |φ = ↔ ˚ψ (ψ= α φ &˚ |A|ψ = ) φ , α
α , ψ, φ , α,
| α |φ = ↔ ˚ψ (ψ= α φ &˚ |A|ψ = ) ψ= α φ ψ
| α |φ = ↔ ˚ψ (ψ= α φ ˚ |A|ψ = ) φ , α
:
( ) ,
╞ A ≡ Df ˚U ˚I ˚φ |A|φ <U,I> =
≡ Df ˚U ˚I ˚φ |A|φ <U,I>=
,
≡Df ˚U ˚I ˚φ |A|φ <U,I> =
-
≡ Df ˚U ˚I ˚φ |A|φ <U,I>=
() <U,I> ≡Df ˚φ |A|φ<U,I> =
U (U ) ≡Df ˚I ˚φ |A|φ<U,I> =
.
, , .
˚A (A ˚ ˚U ˚I ˚φ |A|φ = )
, , .
˚A (A ˚ ˚U ˚I ˚φ |A|φ = )
.
, , , .
╞ B ↔ ˚U ˚I ˚φ ( ˚A (A ˚ |A|φ = ) ˚ ||φ = )
,
-
-
-
, , .