. , , , ( ). , .
.
:
1
| L1, | H1, | D1, | L11, | L12, | H2, | D2, | L21, | L22, | 1 | 2 |
| max | 9 | 60 | 15 | 30 | 8 | 150 | 30 | 15 | 3 | 2 |
.
.
. , , . . :
2 - () .
| / | , .. | - ,. | , .. | ||
| Pentium 166 MMX, RAM 16 sdram, HDD 1.6 Gb, VM 14" | |||||
| Ethernet 3 COM | |||||
| RG 58 | 0.6 1 | 700 | |||
| HUB 8-port 10Mbs | |||||
| BNCconnector | |||||
| connector | |||||
| HP Laser Jet 5 | |||||
| MS Windows NT 4 Server | |||||
| 4176MS OFFICE'97 RUS |
. :
- PacketTracer;
- + IP , , IP ;
- ( PacketTracer);
- ;
- , , , , , Internet. ( NetCracker).
. NetCracker.
|
|
|
, NetCracker, , Exspand (). , . Bildings, campusesandLANworkgroups , , Floor(). , .. . :
1
, Exspand. 1. 8 : , , , , , , . Bildings, campusesandLANworkgroups , Room() . . :
2
6 : 1 , 1 , 3 , . Expand, . EthernetWorkstation. FastEthernetadapter LANadapters → Ethernet. , 3 :
3
, . Espand, Bildings, campusesandLANworkgroups , Closet( ). Espand, LANservers EthernetServer. (). Networkandenterprisesoftware ( ) , (+). Serversoftware ( ). : Small office database server, FTP server, File server, E-mail server.
switch. swich . , swich. , , , 32 swich : Switch Ethernet HitachiDataSystem - HiSpeed 32-portFastEthernetWorkgroupSwitch 150-10-32.
swich server : (Linkdevices), , , , Link . Enter. :
|
|
|
4 swich server
. 7 : 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , , 1 , 2 . .
. . 7 , 7 . Linkdevices . 7 ( ). :
5
. , , .
6
, . :
7
swich. , , , , , , , swich. . :
8
. :
9
. , , , , . :
10
, , .
, Workgroup. , Top, Workgroup, 
, . , , , swich, . :
11
. . , Networkandenterprisesoftware - Serversoftware - Smallofficedatabaseserver. SetTraffics, SmallOfficepeer-to-per , Assign. , Profiles Smallofficedatabaseserver. Start Control. . . : Networkandenterprisesoftware - Serversoftware - E-mailserver, SetTraffics, Profiles E-mail , , .
|
|
|
IP , , IP PacetTracer.
, :
12
:
- Server1 DNS Web ;
- Server2 DHCP ;
- 1 TCP/IP c DHCP www.rambler.ru Server1.
1. TCP/IP 1 .
1 IP DHCP :
13 IP 1
IP:
- Server1: IP 10.0.0.1, 255.0.0.0
- Server2: IP 10.0.0.2, 255.0.0.0
2. DNS Server1.
Server1 DNS DNS:
- IP 14 :
14
- CNAME :
15 CNAME
Server1 HTTP www.rambler.ru:
16
Server1 DNS. DNS : SERVER>nslookupwww.rambler.ru
, , 17, DNS IP .
17 DNS
3. DHCP Server2.
Server2 DHCP ( 18):
18 DHCP
4. .
1 TCP/IP. PC>ipconfig /release IP , : PC>ipconfig /renew DHCP :
19 TCP/IP
www.rambler.ru ( 20):
20
. , . , . RIP, OSPF, EIGP .
. () , , , . .
|
|
|
. . - . . , .
. . , . , .
Cisco PacketTracer , 21:
21 PacketTracer
, : 1 Switch1 :
3 -
| IP | ||
| Comp2 | 192.168.1.2/24 | DNS HTTP |
| Comp3 | 192.168.1.3/24 | DHCP |
| Comp4 | DHCP |
Comp2 DNS Web .
Comp3 DHCP . Comp4 DHCP IP , DNS ( Provider) . 192.168.1.1/24.
2 Switch2 ( 4):
4 -
| IP | ||
| Comp5 | 10.0.0.5/8 | DNS HTTP |
| Comp6 | 10.0.0.6/8 | DHCP |
| Comp7 | DHCP |
Comp5 DNS Web .
Comp4 DHCP . Comp7 DHCP IP , DNS ( Provider) . 10.0.0.1/8.
3 Hub1 200.200.200.0/24. DNS ( Provaider IP -200.200.200.10/24), (Comp2, Comp5, Comp8).
4 Router3 Switch3 ( 210.210.210.0/24). Comp8 (IP 210.210.210.8/24, 210.210.210.3/24.) DNS Web .
:
- Router1 192.168.1.1/24 200.200.200.1/24.
- Router2 10.0.0.1/8 200.200.200.2/24.
- Router3 210.210.210.3/24 200.200.200.3/24.
,
- ;
- DNS ;
- ;
- - Comp4, Comp7 Comp8. .
. , .. . Cisco , , , . .
IP . , :
22 10.0.0.0/8
:
23 .
, ( ), .
IP , Comp4, Comp7 Comp8.
. , , , .
|
|
|
.
IP . . .
. , . (interior gateway protocols (IGP)), (exterior gateway protocols (EGP)). IGP RIP, RIP v2, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF IS-IS. EGP3 BGP4 EGP. : - .
RIP. , :
24
:
− Switch1 10.11.0.0/16
− Switch2 10.12.0.0/16.
− - 10.10.0.0/16.
: :
− Router1 10.11.0.1/16 10.10.0.1/16.
− Router2 10.10.0.2/16 10.12.0.1/16.
− 11 - 10.11.0.11/16.
− 12 - 10.12.0.12/16.
RIP Router1 :
− : Router1>en;
− : Router1>#conft;
− RIP: Router1 (config)# routerrip;
− : Router1 (config-router)# network 10.11.0.0;
− : Router1 (config-router)# network 10.10.0.0.
RIP: Router1 (config-router)# version 2:
− RIP: Router1 (config-router) # exit;
− : Router1 (config)# exit;
− : Router1 ># writememory.
RIP Router2.
11 12 ping. , .
RIP . , 25.
25
: 11.0.0.0/8, 12.0.0.0/8, 13.0.0.0/8 14.0.0.0/8 :
− Comp1 11.0.0.11, 255.0.0.0.
− Comp2 12.0.0.12, 255.0.0.0.
− Comp3 13.0.0.13, 255.0.0.0.
− Comp4 14.0.0.14, 255.0.0.0.
.
, :
5
.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| Router1 | 11.0.0.1/8 | 21.0.0.1/8 | 31.0.0.1/8 |
| Router2 | 21.0.0.2/8 | 51.0.0.2/8 | |
| Router3 | 12.0.0.3/8 | 61.0.0.3/8 | 51.0.0.3/8 |
| Router4 | 31.0.0.4/8 | 81.0.0.4/8 | 13.0.0.4/8 |
| Router6 | 61.0.0.6/8 | 81.0.0.6/8 | 14.0.0.6/8 |
RIP . , , RIP , show : Router#showiprouterip.
, Router6 , :
26 RIP
, 21.0.0.0 : Router4 ( 81.0.0.0) Router3 ( 61.0.0.0).
OSPF. , 24, OSPF Router1.
:
− : Switch>en;
− : Switch1#conft;
− OSPF: Router1(config)#routerospf 1.
routerospf <_> . 1 65535. OSPF .
: Router1(config-router)#network 10.11.0.0.
: Router1(config-router)# network 10.10.0.0.
OSPF: Router1(config-router)#version 2.
OSPF: Router1(config-router)#exit.
: Router1(config)#exit.
: Switch1#writememory.
NAT:
− : interface FastEthernet0/0 ip nat outside;
− : interface Vlan1 ip nat inside;
− IP, NAT: ip access-list extended NATpermit ip host 192.168.???.??? any;
− NAT : ip nat inside source list NAT interface FastEthernet0/0 overload.
show ip nat translations.
debug ip nat.
Static NAT:
router(config)#ip nat inside source static <local-ip><global-ip>
router(config)#interface fa0/4
router(config-if)#ip nat inside
router(config)#interface fa0/4
router(config-if)#exit
router(config)#interface s0
router(config-if)#ip nat outside
Dynamic NAT:
router(config)#ip nat pool name start-ip end-ip {netmask netmask | prefix-length prefix-length}
router(config)#access-list <acl-number> permit <source-IP> [source-wildcard]
router(config)#ip nat inside source list <acl-number> pool <name>
router(config)#interface fa0/4
router(config-if)#ip nat inside
router(config-if)#exit
router(config)#interface s0
router(config-if)#ip nat outside.
Overloading:
router(config)#access-list acl-number permit source-IP source-wildcard
router(config)#ip nat inside source list acl-number interface interface overload
router(config)#interface fa0/4
router(config-if)#ip nat inside
router(config-if)#exit
router(config)#interface s0
router(config-if)#ip nat outside
NAT . . 10.0.0.0, . NAT , 27.
27 .
NAT Router1. NAT :
− Router1, CLI;
− enable (en)Router>en;
− config tRouter#config t.
FastEthernet 0/0 , . NAT . :
− : Router(config)#int FastEthernet 0/0;
− : Router(config-if)#ipnatinside;
− : Router(config-if)#exit.
FastEthernet 0/1, , , NAT:
− : Router(config)#int FastEthernet 0/1;
− NAT: Router(config-if)#ipnatoutside;
− : Router(config-if)#exit.
, . , - : Router(config)#ipnatpoolnatpool 11.0.0.0 11.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0.
. .
: Router(config)#access-list 34 permitany, 34 1 99 . Any , , .
, , NAT Router0. , , : Router(config)#ipnatinsidesourcelist 34 poolnatpooloverload.
, , 34, NAT natpool. overload , , IP .
