1980- 1990- - - . 1992 , - : , . , , , . -. , .[1]
1997 , [2] , . , 1999 , 30 13 , . , . , , , - .[3] - , -.
, 1970- . , , , 30 -. -. , .
, , , , !
8 , , 40 - 167 . 2004. 25% . - - ( ), , . , , , -, , 1999 , , , .
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-, -. , , -. , , -. , 2003 , , , , . , , . - , , .
1996 -, . , , . 2004 - , . -. USAID ( ) -, . 2002 - -. , , .[4]
, , - . , 2001 . , , USAID -. , 1998-2000 . - Archer Daniels Midland Cargil . [5]
( - , ) , 2005 - , . .
- - , , , ..[6]
, -. , , Roundup, . - -, , . , 13 - 318 .[7] 2 2012 λ.[8] , - -. -. , . , , -, , , . - http://www.greenpeace.org/russia/ru/campaigns/gmo/.
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[1] , (2009: . -.
[2] Pusztai, Arpad: Genetic engeneering gentechnology. Is it salvation or curse for the 21th century? (The Brown Journal), : http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/a.pusztai/
[3] Mae-Wan Ho (1998): Genetic Engineering: Dream or Nightmare?
[4] Sharma, Ashok: US Aid Agencies instructed to report anti-GM nations to USAID, The Financial Times (India) . www.mind-fully.org/GE/2003/USAID-Report-AntiGM14jan2003.htm
[5] , (2009): . -, .258; Chossudovsky, Michel (1997): The globalisation of poverty. Impacts of IMF and World Bank reforms.
[6] , (2009): . -.
[7] Engdahl, William: GMO catastrophe in USA a lesson for world, www.engdahl.oilgeopolitics.net/GMO/GMO_crop/gmo__crop.html
[8] http://www.pravda.ru/news/health/02-04-2012/1113351-gmo-0/