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Answer the following questions.

1

Translate the following words and learn them


Manufacture ;

Vehicle ;

Engine ;

Body(ar) ;

Tire ;

Battery ;

Fuel ;

Invention ;

Producer ;

Development ;

Gasoline ;

Precision ;

Consumption ;

Service ;

Quantity ;

Include ; ;

Exclude ;

Distributive ;

Important; ;

Precision ;

 


Read and translate

The automotive industry includes all those companies and activities involved in the manufacture of motor vehicles, including most components, such as engines and bodies, but excluding tires, batteries, and fuel. The industry's principal product is passenger automobiles; commercial vehicles though important to the industry, are secondary.

, , , , . ; , .

 

The history of the automobile industry, while brief compared with that of many other industries, has exceptional interest because of its effects on 20th century history. Although the automobile originated in Europe, the United States completely dominated the world industry for the first half of the 20th century through the invention of mass-production techniques. In the second half of the century the situation altered sharply as western European countries and Japan became major producers and exporters.

, , - 20- . , 20- . , .

Although steam-powered road vehicles were produced earlier, the origins of the automotive industry are rooted in the development of the gasoline engine in the 1860s and 1870s, principally in France and Germany. By the beginning of the 20th century, Germany, and France manufacturers had been joined by British, Italian, and U.S. makers.

, 1860- 1870- , . 20- , , .

The outstanding contribution of the automotive industry to technological advance was the introduction of full-scale mass production, a process combining precision, standardization, interchangeability, synchronization, and continuity. Mass production was a U.S. innovation.

, , , , . .

Mass production implies mass consumption, which in turn requires an elaborate distributive organization to sell the cars and to develop confidence among customers that adequate service will be available. In the early days of the industry, cars were sold directly from the factory or through independent dealers, who might handle several different makes. When sales in large quantities became the objective, however, more elaborate and better organized techniques of distribution became essential.

, , , , . , , . , .

The automotive industry has become a vital element in the economy of the industrialized countries: motor vehicle production and sales are one of the major indexes of the state of the economy of those countries.

: , , .

1.3 Are the following statements true or false? Explain your answers

1. The industrys principal products are commercial vehicles. F

The industrys principal products are passenger automobiles.

2. The automobile originated in Europe and it completely dominated the world industry for the first half of the 20th century. F

The automobile originated in Europe and the United States completely dominated the world industry for the first half of the 20th century.

3. By the beginning of the 20-th century western European countries and Japan became major producers and exporters of automobile. F

In the second half of the century western European countries and Japan became major producers and exporters of automobile.

4. The main contribution of the automotive industry to technological progress was the introduction of full-scale production. T

Answer the following questions.

1. The automotive industry is one of the main branches of national economy, isnt it? What does it include? Yes. It includes the following sub-sectors: Motors; The tire industry and the production of standard equipment; The production of machine tools, robots and other technological equipment necessary for the production of cars.

2. Why is the history of the automotive industry known to have exceptional interests? It has exceptional interests because of its effects on 20-th century history.

3. The first road vehicles were steam-powered. Is the automotive industry rooted in the steam-powered engine? No. The automotive industry rooted in the development of the gasoline engine.

4. What was the outstanding contribution to technological advance in the automotive industry? - The outstanding contribution of the automotive industry to technological advance was the introduction of full-scale mass production, a process combining precision, standardization, interchangeability, synchronization, and continuity.

 

 

2

1. :

A text texts, a lady ladies, a table tables, a day days, a country countries, a match matches, a dress dresses, a man men, a student students, a foot feet, a bank banks, an institute institutes, a station stations, a city cities, a shelf shelves, a women women, a wife wives.

2. . , , s :

) 3- 䳺 Present Indefinite;

) ;

) ;

.

 

1.He leaves home at 8.00 every day. 8.00 . Leaves a

2. Weve got enough plates, but we need some more knives and forks. , .

Plates, knives, forks

3. My friends English book is very difficult for me. . Friends

4. Were going out. You can come with us. . . Were, us .

 

3. . ϳ (,).

1. Bill has his own room. Its light and clean. His, its .

. .

 

2. I meet him in the street every morning. He is glad to see me. Him, he .

. ³ .

 

3. They rarely drive to their office. They live near it. They, it - , their .

. .

 

4. Show me these womens dress. Me .

4. .

1 one - firs

3 two - second

5 five - fifth

9 nine - ninth

12 twelve - twelfth

15 fifteen - fifteenth

28 twenty-eight twenty - eighth

69 sixty nine sixty - ninth

84 eighty for eighty fourth

100 hundred - hundredth

108 one hundred and eight one hundred and eighth

397 three hundred and ninety seven three hundred and ninety seventh

842 -eight hundred and forty - two eight hundred and forty second

915 nine hundred and fifteen - nine hundred and fifteenth

 

 

5. .

1. Mymother is shop assistant.

Is my mother shop assistant?

My mother is not shop assistant.

2. My friend will have much work next week.

Will my friend have much work next week?

My friend will not have muck work next week.

3. John did many mistakes in his dictation.

Did John do many mistakes in his dictation?

John didnt many mistakes in his dictation.

4. I do my morning exercises every day.

Did I do my morning exercises every day?

I didnt do my morning exercises every day.

 

 

6. , 䳺 , .

1. She often arranges meeting for her boss and other managers of the company.

Arranges to arrange (present)

.

2. They spent their holidays in Switzerland last winter.

Spent to spent (past)

.

3. Jill will be two years old next month.

Will be to be (future)

.

4. Our family didnt fly to NY last year.

Didnt fly to fly (past)

.

 

 



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