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2. .

1. MATLAB.

 

1. .

() . ,

()

 

1.

()

2. , .

3. - :

 

h (t), w (t).

4.

 

L (ω).

5.

 

W (i ω), ω = [0, ∞].

6. . .

 

 

 

.

 

1. LTI- w, :

>> w=tf([2 4],[1 3 5 4 3])

 

Transfer function:

 

2 s + 4

-----------------------------

s^4 + 3 s^3 + 5 s^2 + 4 s + 3

pole, zero:

>> pole(w)

ans =

-1.2762 + 1.0718i

-1.2762 - 1.0718i

-0.2238 + 1.0149i

-0.2238 - 1.0149i

 

>> zero(w)

ans =

-2

2. step(w). . 1.1:

. 1.1. h(t).

, .

impulse(w). . 1.2:

. 1.2. .

, .

3. , bode(w) . 1.3:

. 1.3. .

4. , nyquist(w) . 1.4:

 

. 1.4. .

W(jw) , W(jw) =|W(jw)|ejj(w) w 0 .

, W(jw) c (-1, j0).

-1, , . W(jw0)= -1 w0. x(t) .

() , () -1, , .

(. 1.5) , ltiview(w), Plot Configuration:

. 1.5. LTI-viewer.

.

 

2 .

 

, . :

,

.

 

 

 

1. :

>> A1=[5 -3; 2 1]

 

A1 =

 

5 -3

2 1

 

>> B1=[1 3;3 -1]

 

B1 =

 

1 3

3 -1

 

>> C1=[1 2;2 -1]

 

C1 =

 

1 2

2 -1

2. , , ss-:

>> s1=ss(A1, B1, C1, 0)

 

a =

x1 x2

x1 5 -3

x2 2 1

 

b =

u1 u2

x1 1 3

x2 3 -1

 

c =

x1 x2

y1 1 2

y2 2 -1

 

d =

u1 u2

y1 0 0

y2 0 0

 

Continuous-time model.

 

>> A2=[1 0;-1 2]

 

A2 =

 

1 0

-1 2

 

>> B2=[3;-4]

 

B2 =

 

-4

 

>> C2=[5 -2;2 3]

 

C2 =

 

5 -2

2 3

 

>> s2=ss (A2, B2, C2, 0)

 

a =

x1 x2

x1 1 0

x2 -1 2

 

b =

u1

x1 3

x2 -4

 

c =

x1 x2

y1 5 -2

y2 2 3

 

d =

u1

y1 0

y2 0

 

Continuous-time model.

 

>> A3=[1 2;3 2]

 

A3 =

 

1 2

3 2

 

>> B3=[1;-2]

 

B3 =

 

-2

>> C3=[-1 2]

 

C3 =

 

-1 2

 

>> s3=ss(A3,B3,C3,0)

 

a =

x1 x2

x1 1 2

x2 3 2

 

b =

u1

x1 1

x2 -2

 

c =

x1 x2

y1 -1 2

 

d =

u1

y1 0

 

Continuous-time model.

 

3. , :

 

>> rank(ctrb(A1,B1))

 

ans =

 

 

>> rank(obsv(A1,C1))

 

ans =

 

 

>> rank(ctrb(A2,B2))

 

ans =

 

 

>> rank(obsv(A2,C2))

 

ans =

 

 

>> rank(ctrb(A3,B3))

 

ans =

 

 

>> rank(obsv(A3,C3))

 

ans =

 

, .

4. , :

connect , 1.

 

>> s4=tf(1)

 

Transfer function:

 

>> sys=append(s1,s2,s3,s4)

 

a =

x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6

x1 5 -3 0 0 0 0

x2 2 1 0 0 0 0

x3 0 0 1 0 0 0

x4 0 0 -1 2 0 0

x5 0 0 0 0 1 2

x6 0 0 0 0 3 2

 

b =

u1 u2 u3 u4 u5

x1 1 3 0 0 0

x2 3 -1 0 0 0

x3 0 0 3 0 0

x4 0 0 -4 0 0

x5 0 0 0 1 0

x6 0 0 0 -2 0

 

c =

x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6

y1 1 2 0 0 0 0

y2 2 -1 0 0 0 0

y3 0 0 5 -2 0 0

y4 0 0 2 3 0 0

y5 0 0 0 0 -1 2

y6 0 0 0 0 0 0

 

d =

u1 u2 u3 u4 u5

y1 0 0 0 0 0

y2 0 0 0 0 0

y3 0 0 0 0 0

y4 0 0 0 0 0

y5 0 0 0 0 0

y6 0 0 0 0 1

 

Continuous-time model.

 

>> Q=[2 -4 6;3 2 0;4 1 3]

 

Q =

 

2 -4 6

3 2 0

4 1 3

 

>> in=[1 5]

 

in =

 

1 5

 

>> out=[5 4]

 

out =

 

5 4

 

>> s_com=connect(sys,Q,in,out)

 

a =

x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6

x1 5 -3 -6 -9 0 0

x2 2 1 2 3 0 0

x3 6 -3 1 0 0 0

x4 -8 4 -1 2 0 0

x5 1 2 5 -2 1 2

x6 -2 -4 -10 4 3 2

 

b =

u1 u2

x1 1 3

x2 3 -1

x3 0 0

x4 0 0

x5 0 0

x6 0 0

 

c =

x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6

y1 0 0 0 0 -1 2

y2 0 0 2 3 0 0

 

d =

u1 u2

y1 0 0

y2 0 0

 

Continuous-time model.

 

, , , :

>> A=s_com.A

 

A =

 

5 -3 -6 -9 0 0

2 1 2 3 0 0

6 -3 1 0 0 0

-8 4 -1 2 0 0

1 2 5 -2 1 2

-2 -4 -10 4 3 2

 

>> B=s_com.B

 

B =

 

1 3

3 -1

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

 

>> C=s_com.C

 

C =

 

0 0 0 0 -1 2

0 0 2 3 0 0

 

5. :

>> rank(ctrb(A,B))

 

ans =

 

 

>> rank(obsv(A,C))

 

ans =

 

 

, .

 

 

2. .

1. (11,15) T1=4, T2=5.

2. BCH (5,15) T1=4, T2=5.

3. - RS(5,15) T1, T2.

4. 2/3 T1, T2.

 

1. (11,15) T1=4, T2=5

2.1.

, Bernoulli Binary-Integer, . K=11 . , 0,9.

Hamming encoder. K V. N=15.

Gain. E 0 1, ( E, 0). E N , rot90(randerr(N,1,N-ER)). - N , N-ER 1.

Hamming decoder. , .

Unbuffer , 4- Scope.

Scope Buffer. , . , . : Message_T, Code_T, Code_R, Message_R.

:

.2.2. , ER=0.

.2.3. , T1=ER=4.

.2.4. , T2=ER=5.

2. BCH (5,15) T1=4, T2=5

 

2.5. BCH

 

, Bernoulli Binary-Integer, . K=5 .

BCH DCY encoder. K V. ( 5) N=15, K=5.

Gain. E 0 1, ( E, 0). E N , rot90(randerr(N,1,N-ER)). - N , N-ER 1.

BCH BCH decoder. , . : , .

Sum, . .

Unbuffer , 2- Scope.

Scope Buffer. , . , . : Compare, Code_T, Error_T.

:

.2.6. BCH (5,15) , ER=0

.2.7. BCH (5,15), T1=ER=4

.2.8. BCH (5,15), T2=ER=5

 

3. - RS(5,15) - T1, T2

 

Simulink. :

, Random-Integer, 0 N-1. K .

- RS encoder. K N .

Gain. E 0 1, ( E, 0). E N , rot90(randerr(N,1,N-ER)). - N , N-ER 1.

- RS decoder, . R , .

Sum. .

Unbuffer , Scope.

Scope Buffer.

 

.2.9. RS

Random-Integer. M=15 F=5.

RS encoder RS decoder. K=5 N=15. g(x)=1011, . RS decoder.

Gain. Gain Gain rot90(randerr(N,1,N-ER)). randerr(N,1,N-ER) , rot90 .

Sum. , .

, . , . Compare, Error T.

Scope :

.3.1. - RS(5,15) , Gain=rot90(randerr(15,1,15))

.3.2. - RS(5,15) , Gain=rot90(randerr(15,1,10))

.3.3. - RS(5,15) , T2 , Gain=rot90(randerr(15,1,9))

4. 2/3 T1, T2

Simulink:

 

.3.4.

:

, Bernoulli Binary-Integer, . K=2 .

Convolution encoder. K=2 V N=3 . poly2trellis([4 3],[4 5 17; 7 4 2])

 

Convolution decoder. , . , (Hard Decision) 3(K+N)

Unbuffer , 3- Scope.

Scope Buffer. , . , . : Message_T, V_Code, Message_R.

 

Scope :

.3.5. 2/3

. .

, () , , .



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