1. MATLAB.
1. .
() . ,
()
1.
()
2. , .
3. - :
h (t), w (t).
4.
L (ω).
5.
W (i ω), ω = [0, ∞].
6. . .
.
1. LTI- w, :
>> w=tf([2 4],[1 3 5 4 3])
Transfer function:
2 s + 4
-----------------------------
s^4 + 3 s^3 + 5 s^2 + 4 s + 3
pole, zero:
>> pole(w)
ans =
-1.2762 + 1.0718i
-1.2762 - 1.0718i
-0.2238 + 1.0149i
-0.2238 - 1.0149i
>> zero(w)
ans =
-2
2. step(w). . 1.1:
. 1.1. h(t).
, .
impulse(w). . 1.2:
. 1.2. .
, .
3. , bode(w) . 1.3:
. 1.3. .
4. , nyquist(w) . 1.4:
. 1.4. .
W(jw) , W(jw) =|W(jw)|ejj(w) w 0 .
, W(jw) c (-1, j0).
-1, , . W(jw0)= -1 w0. x(t) .
() , () -1, , .
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(. 1.5) , ltiview(w), Plot Configuration:
. 1.5. LTI-viewer.
.
2 .
, . :
,
.
1. :
>> A1=[5 -3; 2 1]
A1 =
5 -3
2 1
>> B1=[1 3;3 -1]
B1 =
1 3
3 -1
>> C1=[1 2;2 -1]
C1 =
1 2
2 -1
2. , , ss-:
>> s1=ss(A1, B1, C1, 0)
a =
x1 x2
x1 5 -3
x2 2 1
b =
u1 u2
x1 1 3
x2 3 -1
c =
x1 x2
y1 1 2
y2 2 -1
d =
u1 u2
y1 0 0
y2 0 0
Continuous-time model.
>> A2=[1 0;-1 2]
A2 =
1 0
-1 2
>> B2=[3;-4]
B2 =
-4
>> C2=[5 -2;2 3]
C2 =
5 -2
2 3
>> s2=ss (A2, B2, C2, 0)
a =
x1 x2
x1 1 0
x2 -1 2
b =
u1
x1 3
x2 -4
c =
x1 x2
y1 5 -2
y2 2 3
d =
u1
y1 0
y2 0
Continuous-time model.
>> A3=[1 2;3 2]
A3 =
1 2
3 2
>> B3=[1;-2]
B3 =
-2
>> C3=[-1 2]
C3 =
-1 2
>> s3=ss(A3,B3,C3,0)
a =
x1 x2
x1 1 2
x2 3 2
b =
u1
x1 1
x2 -2
c =
x1 x2
y1 -1 2
d =
u1
y1 0
Continuous-time model.
3. , :
>> rank(ctrb(A1,B1))
ans =
>> rank(obsv(A1,C1))
ans =
>> rank(ctrb(A2,B2))
ans =
>> rank(obsv(A2,C2))
ans =
>> rank(ctrb(A3,B3))
ans =
>> rank(obsv(A3,C3))
ans =
, .
4. , :
connect , 1.
>> s4=tf(1)
Transfer function:
>> sys=append(s1,s2,s3,s4)
a =
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6
x1 5 -3 0 0 0 0
x2 2 1 0 0 0 0
x3 0 0 1 0 0 0
x4 0 0 -1 2 0 0
x5 0 0 0 0 1 2
x6 0 0 0 0 3 2
b =
u1 u2 u3 u4 u5
x1 1 3 0 0 0
x2 3 -1 0 0 0
x3 0 0 3 0 0
x4 0 0 -4 0 0
x5 0 0 0 1 0
x6 0 0 0 -2 0
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c =
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6
y1 1 2 0 0 0 0
y2 2 -1 0 0 0 0
y3 0 0 5 -2 0 0
y4 0 0 2 3 0 0
y5 0 0 0 0 -1 2
y6 0 0 0 0 0 0
d =
u1 u2 u3 u4 u5
y1 0 0 0 0 0
y2 0 0 0 0 0
y3 0 0 0 0 0
y4 0 0 0 0 0
y5 0 0 0 0 0
y6 0 0 0 0 1
Continuous-time model.
>> Q=[2 -4 6;3 2 0;4 1 3]
Q =
2 -4 6
3 2 0
4 1 3
>> in=[1 5]
in =
1 5
>> out=[5 4]
out =
5 4
>> s_com=connect(sys,Q,in,out)
a =
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6
x1 5 -3 -6 -9 0 0
x2 2 1 2 3 0 0
x3 6 -3 1 0 0 0
x4 -8 4 -1 2 0 0
x5 1 2 5 -2 1 2
x6 -2 -4 -10 4 3 2
b =
u1 u2
x1 1 3
x2 3 -1
x3 0 0
x4 0 0
x5 0 0
x6 0 0
c =
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6
y1 0 0 0 0 -1 2
y2 0 0 2 3 0 0
d =
u1 u2
y1 0 0
y2 0 0
Continuous-time model.
, , , :
>> A=s_com.A
A =
5 -3 -6 -9 0 0
2 1 2 3 0 0
6 -3 1 0 0 0
-8 4 -1 2 0 0
1 2 5 -2 1 2
-2 -4 -10 4 3 2
>> B=s_com.B
B =
1 3
3 -1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
>> C=s_com.C
C =
0 0 0 0 -1 2
0 0 2 3 0 0
5. :
>> rank(ctrb(A,B))
ans =
>> rank(obsv(A,C))
ans =
, .
2. .
1. (11,15) T1=4, T2=5.
2. BCH (5,15) T1=4, T2=5.
3. - RS(5,15) T1, T2.
4. 2/3 T1, T2.
1. (11,15) T1=4, T2=5
2.1.
, Bernoulli Binary-Integer, . K=11 . , 0,9.
Hamming encoder. K V. N=15.
Gain. E 0 1, ( E, 0). E N , rot90(randerr(N,1,N-ER)). - N , N-ER 1.
Hamming decoder. , .
Unbuffer , 4- Scope.
Scope Buffer. , . , . : Message_T, Code_T, Code_R, Message_R.
:
.2.2. , ER=0.
.2.3. , T1=ER=4.
.2.4. , T2=ER=5.
2. BCH (5,15) T1=4, T2=5
2.5. BCH
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, Bernoulli Binary-Integer, . K=5 .
BCH DCY encoder. K V. ( 5) N=15, K=5.
Gain. E 0 1, ( E, 0). E N , rot90(randerr(N,1,N-ER)). - N , N-ER 1.
BCH BCH decoder. , . : , .
Sum, . .
Unbuffer , 2- Scope.
Scope Buffer. , . , . : Compare, Code_T, Error_T.
:
.2.6. BCH (5,15) , ER=0
.2.7. BCH (5,15), T1=ER=4
.2.8. BCH (5,15), T2=ER=5
3. - RS(5,15) - T1, T2
Simulink. :
, Random-Integer, 0 N-1. K .
- RS encoder. K N .
Gain. E 0 1, ( E, 0). E N , rot90(randerr(N,1,N-ER)). - N , N-ER 1.
- RS decoder, . R , .
Sum. .
Unbuffer , Scope.
Scope Buffer.
.2.9. RS
Random-Integer. M=15 F=5.
RS encoder RS decoder. K=5 N=15. g(x)=1011, . RS decoder.
Gain. Gain Gain rot90(randerr(N,1,N-ER)). randerr(N,1,N-ER) , rot90 .
Sum. , .
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, . , . Compare, Error T.
Scope :
.3.1. - RS(5,15) , Gain=rot90(randerr(15,1,15))
.3.2. - RS(5,15) , Gain=rot90(randerr(15,1,10))
.3.3. - RS(5,15) , T2 , Gain=rot90(randerr(15,1,9))
4. 2/3 T1, T2
Simulink:
.3.4.
:
, Bernoulli Binary-Integer, . K=2 .
Convolution encoder. K=2 V N=3 . poly2trellis([4 3],[4 5 17; 7 4 2])
Convolution decoder. , . , (Hard Decision) 3(K+N)
Unbuffer , 3- Scope.
Scope Buffer. , . , . : Message_T, V_Code, Message_R.
Scope :
.3.5. 2/3
. .
, () , , .