- , , , .
1. : (n) :
n = 1
n = 2
n = 3
2. :
) , :
| (n) | () | |
| HClO4 | ClO4 (I) | Cl2O7 (VII) |
| H2SO4 | SO4 (II) | SO3 (VI), |
| HNO3 | NO3 (I) | N2O5 (V) |
| HMnO4 | MnO4 (I) | Mn2O7 (VII) |
| H2SO3 | SO3 (II) | SO2 (IV) |
| H3PO4 | PO4 (III) | P2O5 (V) |
| HNO2 | NO2 (I) | N2O3 (III) |
| H2CO3 | CO3 (II) | CO2 (IV), |
| H2SiO3 | SiO3 (II) | SiO2 (IV) |
)
| (n) | () |
| HCl , | Cl (I) |
| H2S | S(II) |
| HBr | Br (I) |
| HI | I(I) |
| HF , | F(I) |
, , , . : , HPO3, H3BO3. . H2SiO3. . , , . : , ..
| HCl, HBr, HI, HF, H2S | HNO3, H2SO4 |
| 1. H2 + Cl2 = 2HCl | 1. + = SO3 + H2O = H2SO4 |
| 2. 2 NaCl (.) + H2SO4(.) = Na2SO4 + 2HCl |
2. H2 (. HNO3 )
+ = + H2↑ (. )
Zn + 2 HCl = ZnCl2 + H2
3. ()
+ = + 2 (. )
CuO + H2SO4 = Cu SO4 + H2O
4.
+ = + H2O (. )
|
|
|
H3PO4 + 3NaOH = Na3PO4 + 3H2O
5. , - , :
2 NaCl (.) + H2SO4(.) = Na2SO4 + 2HCl↑ (. )
| : HI > HClO4 > HBr > HCl > H2SO4 > HNO3 > HMnO4 > H2SO3 > H3PO4 > HF > HNO2>H2CO3 > H2S > H2SiO3. |
6. (. H2SO4; H3PO4)
= + (. )
! ( ) :
H2CO3 ↔ H2O + CO2↑
H2SO3 ↔ H2O + SO2↑
:
S + 2HCl = H2S↑ + CaCl2
