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2008

 

 

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َ , . - , - ( , ).

, . , , , .

, , . .

, , , .

, ,

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, .

Matlab () s. , . ,

[1]

>> n = [2 4]

n =

2 4

>> d = [1 1.5 1.5 1]

d =

1.0000 1.5000 1.5000 1.0000

>> f = tf (n, d)

Transfer function:

2 s + 4

-------------------------

s^3 + 1.5 s^2 + 1.5 s + 1

, :

>> f = tf ([2 4], [1 1.5 1.5 1]);

tf, . .

-

>> f_zpk = zpk(f)

Zero/pole/gain:

2 (s+2)

-----------------------

(s+1) (s^2 + 0.5s + 1)

, . . .

( ):

, ( ) . , . , , , . [2] .

>> f_ss = ss (f)

a =

x1 x2 x3

x1 -1.5 -0.1875 -0.03125

x2 8 0 0

x3 0 4 0

b =

u1

x1 0.5

x2 0

x3 0

c =

x1 x2 x3

y1 0 0.5 0.25

d =

u1

y1 0

,

, , , .

, , , . ,

, .

, , . , , , ( ).

(static gain, DC-gain). , . .

.

( ) ,

.

.

, , .

.

.

( ), , , , .

. Matlab

.

, ,

,

.

, , . , , , , , [3].

f Matlab,

>> k = dcgain (f)

( ) (- ) . -

, .

, , . - .

,

.

.

- , , .

, . , , ( ) , . ( ) . Matlab , . , .

, . :

,

, . , . , ..

( ) ( ) ( )

.

, .

. ( ) . , , .., .

:

.

, .

, ( ), . ( ).

(overshoot) (settling time).

,

, .

, , ( Matlab 2%).

() ( ), , [4] , .

. . - ().

(), () ():

.

, , .

, . , ( ) (, ). .

, 0 ( 1, ), ., -3 ( , 0.708), .

>> b = bandwidth (f)

, . , , .

.

. , .

Matlab, . linspace ( ) logspace ( ).

>> w = linspace (0, 10, 100);

100 0 10,

>> w = logspace (-1, 2, 100);

100 .

w f ( , -) freqresp:

>> r = freqresp(f, w);

freqresp . , ( ), . , .

>> r = r(:);

Matlab

>> plot (w, abs(r));

>> semilogx (w, abs(r));

>> loglog (w, abs(r));

, (), . ( )

>> phi = angle(r)*180/pi;

, :

>> semilogx (w, phi);

(, , ) (, , ).

. , : .

. [5] , , .

, . (natural frequency), (damping factor). , . , . , .

f

>> p = pole (f)

>> [w0,zeta,p] = damp (f)

p, w0 zeta .

f

>> z = zero (f);

, .

>> pzmap (f);

( ) () .

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