. . .
. . . .
"", , . 1944 "-I" (-, ) sinx.
. 1949 ( ENIAC) SHORT Code, . , . . , . . 1951 . -0. .
:
50- . -0. , . 30 , . , : . .
, , . , , . . , " ".
1958 -0 FLOW-MATIC . 1959 COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) () . COBOL . .
1954 FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation) (). - IBM -.
. ( ), . ALGOL. FORTRAN, . .
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, , . CERN, 1960- .
1967 . -2, . 1968 . - -6. , 1972 ., ( IBM/360 ).
ANSI ISO
- 66, 77, 90, 95, 2003 2008.
. , , .
, . :
FORTRAN IV ( FORTRAN 66 (1966);
FORTRAN 77 (1978) : , IF, ELSE IF, ELSE, END IF, INCLUDE . .
Fortran 90 (1991) . . IMPLICIT NONE, TYPE, ALLOCATABLE, POINTER, TARGET, NAMELIST; DO END DO, DO WHILE,CYCLE , SELECT CASE, WHERE; (ALLOCATE, DEALLOCATE, NULLIFY); MODULE, PRIVATE, PUBLIC, CONTAINS, INTERFACE, USE, INTENT. , ,
Fortran 95 (1997) Fortran 2003 (2004) . FORALL, , WHERE, . FORALL WHERE, , . , , , .
Fortran 2003 (2004) . . : 1. - 2. . 3. . Fortran 2008 (2010) (Co-Arrays Fortran). 15, .
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, , , . , , . WF(High Performance Fortran) .
Cobol (). , 60- . . , . , .
Algol (). , 1960 . , - . 1968 68, , - .
Pascal (). , 70- , , , .
Basic (). , , . 60- . .
(). Bell . , , . 70- (Unix).
Java (, ). Sun 90- ++. ++ . , - ( ). - Java- (Java Virtual Machine), . Java- Java , -, .
, Windows-:
Borland Delphi () Borland Pascal, . .
Microsoft Visual Basic Windows- . .
Borland C++ DOS Windows .