2.1 IPTV IP
Multicast.
Multicast ( ) , , . IPTV , .
Multicast IP- , 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255. IP- D.
Multicast ( STB). multicast IP-, , . , IPTV .
, , .
. , , .
, multicast IP- , multicast. IGMP ( , ).
multicast . Gigabit Ethernet , , multicast , 100 MPEG-2 , 5 /.
Unicast.
Unicast ( ) . , -. , , .
- , .
Unicast IP- . STB.
, , IPTV, ( ).
, , , . .
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. . , . , , IP-, , .
, unicast , ( ). Gigabit Ethernet 1 / , . , , unicast . 5/ MPEG-2, unicast 100.
Broadcast.
Broadcast ( ) IP-, IP-. , IP- 255, 192.0.2.255, 255 (255.255.255.255).
, broadcast ( STB) . . , broadcast .
2.2 IPTV
.
SoftSwitch
SoftSwitch . SoftSwitch , , , , . SoftSwitch : , SoftSwitch , SoftSwitch .
Softswitch NGN, , , . Softswitch IP.
, Softswitch , , , . , ( і7, MGCP, H.323 SIP). Softswitch , . , , CDR (SIP/H.323/MGCP/ISDN/ISUP).
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IP.
VoIP IP. IP , . IP , , . , , , .
IP , , ( ).
IP . IP .
IP , , , . IP, , . . IP . IP .
CWDM
CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing) , WDM DWDM. CWDM 8 1550 200 .
DWDM
DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) . , . DWDM , ( ) . DWDM IP, ATM, SONET/SDH Ethernet 100 / 2,5 /.
xDSL-.
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) , .
DSL- LAN, , .
HDSL, SDSL, MDSL, MSDSL, SHDSL, HDSL2/4 VDSL.
xDSL . , "" HDSL (high bit rate DSL) , , .
HDSL , ANSI, 2B1Q. HDSL , ETSI 2B1Q CAP. HDSL2 SDSL2, HDSL2 1, a SDSL2 384 /c 2,304 / ( 64 /).
(544 2,304 /) . , " ": MDSL, 160 784 /, MSDSL, 160320 /. MDSL MSDSL, , HDSL.
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SDSL2 . , (, , ..) , SDSL2 ISDN xDSL. SDSL2 "CeBIT'99" "Telecom".
SHDSL 192 2312 / 8 / 384 4624 / 16 /. 8 (. G.991.2 ITU-T). 20 30 .
HDSL2/4 SHDSL 1 ANSI T1.TRQ.06-2001.
xDSL , xDSL .
. , ( BRI-ISDN) ADSL.
ADSL ( Fullrate ADSL) . 6,144 /, 0,640 /. . , . ADSL ( ) DMTV ( ) .
ADSL . ADSL . - RADSL (Rate Adaptive DSL). ANSI TR59. ADSL over POTS ADSL over ISDN. .
ADSL : ADSL1 1,5 / / 16 /; ADSL2 3 / / 16 /; ADSL3 6 / / 64 /).
VDSL. VDSL VADSL, BDSL (Broadband DSL) VHDSL (Very High bitrate DSL). VDSL , : , TDD, FDD. , .
ADSL , , ADSL .
, ADSL (, MVL Multiple virtual Line DSL, CDSL Consumer DSL, CiDSL Consumer installable DSL). "full rate ADSL". ADSL, , (G.992.1) G.Lite ( ADSL.Lite DSL.Lite).
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VDSL.Lite , ADSL VDSL.
VoDSL (Voice over DSL), . xDSL. VoSDSL VoADSL, .
DSL , . xDSL ( ), , .
xPON.
FTTx (Fiber To The x, x B Building Cab Cabinet ) ADSL VDSL .
1 /, . - .
. HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coaxial) , .
. FTTx FTTB (Fiber To The Building " ", ). FTTB VDSL.
PON 4 :
APON (ATM PON);
BPON (Broadband PON);
GPON (Gigabit PON);
EPON (Ethernet PON).
APON FSAN (Full Service Access Network) 1995 . APON : OLT (Optical Line Terminal), 32 ONU (Optical Network Unit) (splitter). 622 / 1550 , 1310 . 20 /, 20 .
BPON . , BPON , .
2001 . IEEE Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM). Ethernet Passive Optical Networking (EPON), 1,25 / Ethernet-. EPON (IEEE 802.3ah).
FSAN GPON (Gigabit PON).
1 / (. G.984) , IP, .