(. abandon; . abandonment) - . . 6 . . .
(. . aval) - , , .. , , : , , . () . . , , , , , . . .
(. avance; . advance) - , , , ., . , - . . ( 10-40% ) , - . . .
(. average bond) - , , , . . .. .
(. average payment) - , () . . .. .
(. average certificate) - , , . , , .
(. avaria; . average) - , , , , .
(. avviso; . advice) - , , ... . . , , , , . , , , , .
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- (, ), , .
( . autarkeia - , . autarky) - , . , .
(. automated clearing house) - 1) , ; 2) .
(. copyright) - , ; , - , . .. , , , , .
(. avoir; . assets, holdings) - 1) ( , , , , ), , ; 2) , .. , , , -. . , , .
(. agent) - , () , . . , . . : 1) ; 2) , ; 3) . , - .
(. agency agreement business agreement) - ( , , .) .. : ; , ; () ; ; ; ; , .
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(. shipping agent) - , , , . . . , , , ..
( . acquisitor - ; . acquirer) - () (), () .
( . accreditivus - ; . Akkreditiv; . accreditif, . letter of credit) - 1) ( ) , ( ), ( , , -); 2) , , , . ( .).
( . activus - ; . asset) - ( , , .), .
(. active payment balance) - , - , .
(. active trade balance) - .
- , . , .
- .
- , , , , .
( ) - (, , , ), .
, - , (, , ).
( . acceptus - ; . cceptance) - : 1) ; 2) , ; 3) ( ); 4) () . . - .
( . acceptans - ; . acceptor) - , , .
( . accidere - ; . - accise; . excise, excise-duty) - , . . . . - . - .
(. Aktiengesellshaft; . societe anonime; . company limited by shares, corporation, joint stock company, public company) - - ; , . .. ( ) ; ) ( ) . , , . .. , . .. , , , . .. , . : , , , , , , .
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(. action - ; . share, stock) - ; , , . .: . . () ( ) . , . . . . . , . , . . , ., , , - . . : , , ., , . , ..
( . amortization) - , .
(. antidumping legislation) - , .
(. antidumping duty) - , , .
(. anticompetition practice) - , , ; , , .
(. antitrust law, antimonopoly legislation) - , . -, 1890 .
(. arbitration) - .
( . arrendare - ; . lease, rent) - - () (), ( ) ( ) . .: . - ; . - ; . - . . , . , , . , . . ., , . , . , , , .. ., ( ).
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(. rented enterprise) - , (, ..). .. : 1) , , , ; 2) , , . .. .
( . articulus - , ; . article) - 1) () ; 2) , , .
( . attestato - ; . attestation of products, product assessvent) - .
( . audit - ; . audit) - 1) ; 2) , , , ( .); 3) , , (. ). . ( , ) , , (" ."), (". "). , , . . . . , . , , , .
(. auditor, certified public accountant) - , (). . - , . () 30- , . ., , , , , , , . . - , . , - " " - (. ), , , .
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( . auctio - ; . auction, public sale) - , , . , , , .
(. autright) - , , .
- , . , , , , . , , , , . - , .
, (. contract grade, basis grade) - 1) , , . , , , .; 2) , .
"-" (. buy back) - , . - , .
۔(. greenbacks) - . , , . : , , .
(. foreign trade balance) - (, , ..). .. , . . . .. , . , .. ; - . .
(. foreign balance, balance of payments, international transactions) - - (, , . .) . .. , . .. : . , .. : ( , , ); . .. , .
(. balance of current account) - ; : () .
͔ - , ( ), .
(. bank) - (), : ; (, ); , ; , . , . - .
- (. corresponding banks) - , , .-. .
(. banknote) - ( ), . (1914-1918 ) () . , , . .
(. bank guarantee) - 1) - ; ( , ) , , ; () - () . , .. , . .. , , .
(. bank transfer, remmitance) - () (). , , . .. , , , , , .
( . bancorotto: banco - , rotto - ; . Bankrott; . bankruptcy) - , - ; , . . . ( ), ( ).
(. barratry) - , , . . ; , ; , . . .
(. barter) - , , , () , , . (), (), , , , , . . . () . (, .) .. () . . . .
(. hopeless indebtedness) , () .
- , .
ר - , .
- .
" " (. bulk) - , "", "", .
Ȕ - , , .
- (. bareboat charter) - . , (), .-. , (). .
- , .
- - , , , . : , , , , .
( . bursa - ; . Borse; . exchange, market) 1) , - (. ), , ( ), ( ). . : . ., , . - , . . , (), , , . ; 2) , .
(. freight market) - ( ) ; , ; , , . . .. -, , , . . , .. - .
- ( ) .
(. bounded cargo) - , . .. , . , .
( . bonus - , , . bonifico - ; . . bonification) - 1) , ; 2) , .
(. retroactive bonification) - , .
(. bons; . paper-money) - 1) , , , ; , ( ); 2) , .
(. inspection, sorting, bracking) - () , , .
(. broker) - , (, , , ..) - . "" . . . , .
- , % ( ) .
ɔ - , .
( . brutto - ) - 1) ; 2) .
(. budjet) - 1) ( ) , , , . , . . .; 2) , .
( . valise - ; . valise) - () , .
(. gross profit) - ( ) , ( , ). .. .
, (. gross dovestic product, GDP) - . . , , (.. ), " ". ". . , .
, (. gross national product, GNP) - , , (, ) , . , , , , , ( ) ( , .). .
(. valuta; . currency) - 1) ( , , .); 2) (, , ); 3) . (, .) ( .); 4) () (, ). . , , . , , , .
, (. inconvertible currency, soft currency) - , . , .. , , , - , .
(. gold currency) - , .
(. currency of credit) - , ; . , (, ). .. , .. . "" . "" , , . .. . .. , .
(. national currency) - , .
, , (. convertible currency, hard currency) - , . . - , , .
(. falling currency) - , .
(. reserve currency) - - ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ) ( ), , ; , , . .. . .
(. bargain currency) - , .
(. insurance currency) - . , . .. .
(. price currency) - , ; (, ). . .. . , , .., .
, (. partly convertible currency) - . ; , .
(. currency intervention) - 1) ; 2) - () .
(. currency basket) - , , () (, ). , , .. ( , , , , ) .
(. foreign exchange restrictions) - , , . ., , - . .. , , .
(. currency transactions) - , - , , -, . . .. ( ""), ( ), . , , , . .. - .
(. currency retention) - , . .. .
(. currency risks) - () , . , . . ( ) () . . .. .
(. currency speculations) - , , ; , ; . .. .
(. currency terms and conditions of a contract) , - . .. : 1) ; 2) , , ; 3) , ; 4) , .
(. arbitrage of exchange, currency arbitrage) - - ( ..) ( ..). .. . ... , . .. ( ..) ( ..).
(. currency) - - ; .
(. currency dumping)- ; , . , , , , , . .. , . , , , ..
(. foreign exchange contract)- , ; .
(. rate of exchange)- , () , , , . .. " ", .. 1 (10. 100, 1000) , . . - 1 . .. , . , .. , , , , - . , .. . , .. , , , .
(. currency parity)- : - (), ( ) - , , - , 10 % . 1% .. 70- . 1978 . .. , . . , . ..: , , , .
(. currency protectionism)- , , .
, (. currency account)- ; . ... , .
(. variant) - , ; . .
- , ; : ., , .. . .
(. Wechsel; . bill) - , , () () . . . , , (), , , , . . . . - .
, "" (. venture company)- ; , , - . - , ( ), .
( . verus - , facere - ; . verification)- , ..
(. gross weight)- ( ) - (, , ..) "", .. .
, (. delivered weight)- , . .. , .
(. natural weight)- , , , - , , . .. , , , , , (79 ) ( 75 ).
(. net weight)- . .. , , , . , . , ( ""). .., , . .
, "" (. weight note)- . . .. . .. , .
(. weighter)- , . , . , , , () ., , .
, (. shipped weight) - , . .. , .. .
- - .
۔- .
B - .
- .
(. processor of the goods)- , , .
(. invest short-term) - .
(. foreign trade turnover) - : , , .
(. foreign debt) - , ; , - . .. ( 1 ), ( 1 5 ) ( 10 ). .. ( ) ( ). .. , (), () .
(. foreign trade) - - , . .., .. , , . .. : 1) - , ; 2) ; 3) ; 4) ; 5) . .. , . .
(. internal cost of export commodity) - , - .
() (. transfer prices) - , , , . , .. . , , , , .
(. reward) - . , , , , .
" " (. all risks) - , , , , , , . ... - ( ) : ( ).
(. general sistems of preferences) - , ; 1971 . ... .
(. counter purchase) - , (, ). .. , -. , : , , . , .. .
(. counter trade, balanced trade, bilateral trade) - ; , (), , , . () , .. . , . .. , "" "" , , .. .. . , 20 2-3-% 70- . 40% 80-. 90 , . , , . .., , , .
(. counter action, counter clain) - , , . .. , , - (). , , , () ().
- .
(. selection) - , .
(. export of capital, capital export) - ; ( , , , .), ( , .)
(. rescue realize) - , .
(. gabarit; . overall dimencions, overall measurements, overall size) - : , , , .
(. guarantor, warrantor) - ; , , - . . , .
(. warrant service) - , .
(. guarantee obligation) - , , (). .
(. export risk guarantee) - ( , , , ..); -, .
(. general act) - , , . , SIF,.. . , , , , , .., .. - , , , ..
(. general cargo) - , . .. " " (, , ) .
(. general contractor) - , , . .. , () . . . .
(. general supplier) - , , , , , , . .. , .
(. general designer) - , . .. , , . .. , . .. .
(. geographical rotaion) - . .. , , .
(. stamp duty) - , , ; (, ).
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