Land conservation plays an important role in farming. The further intensification of agricultural production needs a strong land resource base. The conservation of land resources is realized within three dimensions physical, economic, and legal. The land use planning both infarm and interfarm has to deal with these three dimensions.
The physical dimension of land conservation is concerned with what is possible in terms of land uses. It includes the kinds of plants needed for land conservation, the yields of various plants, cultivation methods, applications of water and fertilizers and the rates of applying them.
Land conservation has a wide range of various practices, such as contouring, strip cropping and mulching. It often needs capital investment in such workings as terracing and water-retention structures. The planners have to investigate the effects of these workings on crop yields, run-off, erosion, siltation, infiltration, and the like.
The range of possibilities of land conservation is being extended constantly through research and developments in science and technology. But before the recommendations are made the planners consider the economic dimensions of proposed measures. The economic dimensions of land conservation are constantly changing through the changes in scientific and technological progress. They include cost-benefit analysis, the amount of present and long-term benefits, costs of productive factors, and relationship between labor and capital needed to provide land conservation.
Finally, attention is given to legal dimensions of land conservation. The legal dimensions consist of a set of rules and laws concerning land conservation.
The land use planner should be aware of all laws and rules which are reflected in the Land Code. Legal provisions of land conservation should be further developed, particularly concerning the conservation of prime or unique lands which are of crucial importance to agriculture. The three dimensions of land conservation must be considered and implemented through a sound land use plan.
It is hard to overestimate the economic effects of land conservation. Land conservation provides for additional farm production which is usually large enough to off-set the added costs on land improvement.
IV. :
in contrast; State Land Use Control; primitive methods; human activities; black earth; cultivation methods; an important role; intensification of agricultural production; the yields of various plants
V. . . :
1. This department is studying the problems of land conservation. 2. The professor is speaking on land problems and underlining the importance of land conservation. 3. By applying scientific and technological methods our specialists try to improve soil productivity. 4. Trying primitive methods man has long dreamed of land conservation. 5. Having planned reclamation measures the collective farmers have given renewed life to a vast area of land. 6. The earth over the deposits is removed and stored in its original pattern depending on the degree of its use in agriculture.
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VI. :
land use control; productive capacity of land; excessive cultivation; iron-ore deposits; reclaimed fields; future generation; partially usable earth; life-giving black earth
VII. . 2-3 :
to secure, to control, to discourage, to prevent, to leach, to cultivate, to make, to provide, to endow, to create, to represent, to remove, to store, to graze
VIII. . :
1. "Conserve" is in... to "destroy" or "waste". 2. The utilization of land resources is... by the State Land Use Control service. 3. Excessive cultivation and excessive grazing usually... the natural land cover. 4. Land conservation is the prime.... of the Government. 5. The fertility of land must be... and increased by wise land use. 6. Land use planners... many different environmental problems.
IX. :
1. , , . 2. . 3. . 4. .
X. , . :
1. conserve land is the main task of all the generations, present and future. 2. Land conservation means extremely wise utilization of land resources. 3. By conserving land resources we increase the wealth of our nation. 4. Dreaming of land conservation man tried many primitive methods of land preservation. 5. Man's dream of land conservation is now coming true. 6. Excessive grazing destroys the natural land cover. 7. Destroying the natural land cover by overgrazing we increase the danger of soil erosion.
LESSON 14. SOIL RESOURCES
I. :
maintain v , time v ; ;
, pa
abundant worsen v ()
sustain v , irreparable ,
deterioration , destructive a ,
rapid ,
safeguard v 1. , ; occur v ,
2. , recurrent ,
II. :
