- , , , .
: . (XX .), , , . , XX . . . .
, . , , , , . : , , , , , , ..
, . , , - .
. . (, , ) , . , . , . . .
, , , . :
, , (, , , .);
(, , -, -, .) ;
, - .
:
- ( );
, , ( ) .
:
- , ;
- , , ( ), , . - , , .
|
|
:
- (developed) ,
- (developing) ,
- , (transition economies)
:
1.
2. - , :
- / ()
-
- ( )
(parity of purchasing power, PPP) , .. .
3200 , 236 , 16 .
, .
.
- ( , )
- ( )
- ( )
, :
-, , .. (primary sector, agriculture) 1-7%
- , .. (secondary sector, industry) 20-40% , .
-, .. (tertiary sector, services) 55-77% , . , , , , -
( , . human development index) - :
- (. . ) / (. . )
- (2 15 . . ) / 3
-
( , $15 000):
- - , .. 30
|
|
- : . ( ), , , ., , , 1997 . (., , , ), .. 28
- - , . ( ), , , ., , , - .. 30
:
- 7 (G 7), . , , , , , ( 38% )
-, ,
( ) - . :
- ( new industrial countries) : , , , , ., , , , .
-- (fuel exporters) (12 , , .)
- (less developed countries) 47, 32 , 10 , 4 , 1 ()
- (heavily indebted poor countries)
, (12 , 15 + , ). :
- ( )
- - (), . , .
- , .