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1. New underground lines are being built in Moscow. 2. When I went to Leningrad in 1957, the first underground line was still being built. 3. Are they ready with the parcel? No, it's still being parked. 4. Listen carefully, a new grammar rule is being explained. 5. Mr. Brown is at the hospital now. His son is being operated on. 6. Negroes in America are often arrested only because they fight for their rights. 7. I think Peter has crossed with John because John has made a joke at his expense. You see, Peter has never been laughed at before. 8. Which grammar rules were explained at the last lesson? 9. By the time Peter came to the group, the grammar rules for the first lesson had already been taken. 10. Which rule was being explained when you came into the classroom? 12. New buildings are being built in our town now.13. My friend was being asked by the teacher when I entered the classroom.
2.
| 1) put forward | a) , -. |
| 2) put away | b) , |
| 3) put off | c) , |
| 4) put on | d) , |
| 5) put out | e) ( ) |
| 6) put through | f) , |
| 7) put up | g) , |
1. .
1. Who's being examined now? 2. What was being discussed at that time? 3. Is the mail still being looked through?
2. , .
| An exercise His story An article The letter The telegram The sentences New words The articles Exercises The stories | is are was were | still being | discussed written translated read loud done |
3.
1. What are they discussing? 2. The professor is examining our group. 3. The Spartans were celebrating a religious festival when a messenger came from Athens. 4. They are building a new school in our district. 5. What film are they demonstrating in the lecture room? 6. He had a feeling that someone was following him. 7. They were watching and taking pictures of a UFO. 8. They were interrogating the first witness when I came into the courtroom. 9. They are counting the prize money. 10. They are relieving him of his duty because of his age.
4. , to put
| put forward | put away | put off | put on | put out | put through | put up |
1. What arguments did they ? 2. These interruptions me. 3. He never his clothes in the wardrobe. 4. He his cigarette and closed the window. 5. I don't want to a bit of weight. 6. Don't worry. If all the hotels are full, we'll you for the night. 7. Hello, can you me to Ms Tracy Binged, please?
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1. ,
Model: "What's going on in the room?" "A new film is being discussed."
| What's going on in the room now? | to explain a new rule to pack one's things to speak of the recent sporting events to discuss the demand for this kind machines |
| What was happening in the room when you came in / at three o'clock yesterday / at that time)? |
2.
1. . 2. ? 3. . 4. 9 10 . 5. 3 . 6. . 7. . 8. 7 . 9. . 10. 6 .
3. 6 , to put
8
OUR ENVIRONMENT
| : | The Environment. The Atom and Its Peaceful Usage |
| : | to take |
8. 1
The Environment
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1.
Environment and Ecology
The word environment means simply what is around us. Some people live in a town environment; for others, their environment is the countryside. Nowadays people understand how important it is to solve the environment problems that endanger peoples lives. The most serious environmental problems are:
- pollution in its many forms (water pollution, air pollution, nuclear pollution);
- noise from cars, buses, planes, etc.;
- destruction of wildlife and countryside beauty;
- shortage of natural resources (metals, different kinds of fuel);
- the growth of population.
Water Pollution. There is no ocean or sea, which is not used as a dump. Many seas are used for dumping industrial and nuclear waste. These poisons and wastes kill fish and sea animals. Nuclear poisoned fish can be eaten by people. Many rivers and lakes are poisoned too. Fish and reptiles cant live in them. There is not enough oxygen in the water. In such places all the birds leave their habitats and many plants die. If people drink this water they can die too. It happens so because factories produce a lot of waste and pour it into rivers. So they poison water.
Air pollution. Most of the pollution in big cities comes from cars and buses. More and more often people are told not to be in direct sunlight, because ultraviolet radiation from the sun can cause skin cancer. Normally the ozone layer in the atmosphere protects us from such radiation, but if there are holes in the ozone layer ultraviolet radiation can get to the earth. Many scientists think that these holes are the result of air pollution. Nuclear power stations can go wrong and cause nuclear pollution. Both clean air and clean water are necessary for our health. If people want to survive they must solve these problems quickly. Man is beginning to understand that his environment is not just his own town or country, but the whole earth. Thats why people all over the world think and speak so much about ecology.
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Factories, power stations, cars emit tons of smoke into the air. The wind carries the poisonous substances from one country to another.
Trees provide home for many other plants and animals. They provide food for insects, reptiles, birds and mammals. They protect the soil from the wind and rain. It may be that the medicines we need will be discovered in wild plants in savannas, deserts or rainforests. Trees are the lungs of the planet. If the trees die, we will too. Animals and birds are in danger too. Many of the animals are now extinct. The reason is a Man that killed animals and destroys their habitats.
We used a lot of electricity. Our house is full of electrical appliances. Using electricity doesnt cause the pollution, but making it does. We need to choose cheap electricity and polluting the environment or expensive electricity but healthy life and clean environment.
But what government can do with it? I think government can stop producing nuclear and chemical weapon, allocate more money to various environmental projects, use organic fertilizer, install purifying systems, plant and grow trees, bushes and other greenery.
Mass media should attract peoples attention to environmental problems. Everything I have already spoken about it is only a small part of nowadays polluting the environment. Everyone should remember when he kills a plant or animal he kills a part of himself because everything in the world is interconnected. And people should to protect the nature but not to kill it.
2. :
| 1. infra-red light 2. incident 3. to scatter 4. to utilize 5. relative 6. source 7. evaporation 8. conventional 9. rigid 10. surface 11. heat exchanger 12. to provide 13. humidity | a) b) , c) d) e) f) g) h) i) () j) , k) l) m) |
3.
1. The earth is not big.
2. The earth is flat.
3. There is a lot of water on the earth.
4. There are a lot of forests and fields, hills and mountains on the earth.
5. Men and animals live on the earth.
6. Different plants grow on it.
7. There are ten continents.
8. The largest of the oceans is the Atlantic Ocean.
9. The Black Sea is the largest of the seas.
10. There are some countries where there are four seasons in a year and some countries where there are only two.
11. When the sun shines it is day, when the sun does not shine it is night.
12. You can see the moon and the stars in the sky in the morning.
1. ,
Environmental Problems
Environmental problems have become exceptionally acute in the country. For a long time too little attention was paid to the environment.
In effort to meet production goals the ministries stainted on measures to protect the environment from industrial pollution. As a result, about half of the water sources in the country are polluted with industrial or communal waste. In more than a hundred towns and cities with population of some fifty million, the concentration of harmful substances in the air is over ten times the admissible level.
For dozens of years the national economy focused on large projects, including giant projects in what was called the transformation of nature. Blunders were committed that caused environmental disasters.
Of the acute problems causing public concern the environment safety of nuclear and hydraulic power engineering is beginning to assume paramount importance. Public anxiety has grown particularly after the Chernobyl disaster. Another reason is the adverse effect of flatland hydropower stations on the environment.
The list of serious environmental problems could be continued.
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a) "environmental"
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b) , a)
1. _____ have become exceptionally acute in the country.
2. _____ of nuclear and hydraulic power engineering is beginning to assume paramount importance.
3. The list of serious _____ could be continued.
4. Blunders were committed that caused _____.
c) ,
| 1) Blunders of people can cause 2) Ozone layer 3) Polluting of water and air is 4) The increasing of ultraviolet 5) People must stop | a) is destroyed by aerosol sprays causes skin cancer and other disease. b) using aerosol sprays. c) dangerous for human beings. e) environment disasters. f) over ten times the admissible level. |
2.
Earthquake and Epidemic
