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1
The person and his living conditions
| : | My Family. My Flat. The Weather. Meals. Shop and Shopping. Sports in our Life. At the Doctor. Spoken Etiquette (, , , , ) |
| : | to have, to be. There is / are. . . . . . . to speak, say, tell, talk |
1.1
My Family
1
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My Friend Sandra
I think the first thing that people notice about my friend Sandra is her bright appearance. She has marvelous dark hair and pale skin. This combination makes her very attractive. She has very beautiful features such as a straight nose, a determined chin and rosy checks. Sandra really enjoys taking care of her appearance, that's why she always looks her best! She's not very tall, but has got a slender figure, and a very narrow waist. As she goes in for sports, she is always in a perfect physical state.
What I appreciate most in her is the ability to communicate with other people. She's very friendly and cheerful. You will hardly ever be bored with her, as she is a very broad-minded and sophisticated person. She is almost never afraid to say something wrong, to make a mistake. It's always very interesting to listen to her, because she gives witty comments. She's one of those people who stand their ground. Sandra adores fashion and has perfect taste in clothes. She also loves experiments with different styles. I'm very proud that I know her.
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My Family
Our family is neither big nor small. It consists of my father, my mother, my brother, and me. My father, a tall man with dark short hair, is 40 years old. He works as a manager at the firm. He likes his work and spends a lot of time there. My mother, a tall and thin woman with big blue eyes and fair hair, is younger than my father, she is 38. My mother is a teacher at the secondary school. She teaches her students foreign languages: German and English. She also spends much time at school, but she finds time to cook, sew, knit, and even to help my brother and me with our homework. My brother is only 10, and he is a schoolboy.
I am 16. I am a student of the college. My college is far from our house, and it takes me half an hour toget there by bus. We are studying different subjects there, but my favourite ones are History and English. As to my appearance, I am slim and slender. My hair is fair, my eyes are blue. I look like my mother. I like to dress in a modern style. Music is my hobby. I am fond of dancing at the disco. I like to read books too. Twice a week I go to the swimming pool.
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We live in a three-room flat in a new block of houses. There is a nice green park near our house, where we spend a lot of our free time. There are many different shops not far from our house. My brother and I often go shopping.
Our family is nice, and everybody is easy to get along with. We take care of each other. We spend much time together. Recently, we have bought a car, and now we often go down to the country to have a rest on weekends. In the evening, all members of our family watch TV or discuss everyday problems. Sometimes we go to the theatre or to the concert.
3.
About My Family
My family is not very big, just a typical family: Dad, Mom, me, my brother, sister and our cat. My Mummy is forty-one, she is a teacher of Spanish at the University. She is a born teacher. She has teaching abilities. My Dad is forty-two, he is a professional painter, he works for a design company. My parents both like their work very much.
My elder sister Natasha is nineteen, she goes to the University, she wants to be a teacher of history. She is fond of reading books on history and fiction.
My younger brother Igor is only six years old, he goes to the kindergarten. He is very funny, I like to spend my free time teaching him something. Igor likes to play with our cat.
My grandparents are retired. They like gardening. They spend a lot of their time in the garden. They grow vegetables and fruits. We enjoy having fresh vegetables and green on our dinner table.
I love my family very much. We always help each other. Everyone in my family is my best friend.
1.
1. How many persons are there in the family?
2. Do you have a brother or a sister?
3. Where do your parents work?
4. Do your parents understand you?
5. In what way do you help your parents?
6. How old are your grandparents?
7. How do you get along with your family?
8. Which of the parents do you want to be like?
2. .
Interior of a flat: Bedroom. Night. Gerald is sitting in bed, reading a novel. He has half-moon glasses on and has a cardigan on over his pajamas. Clara comes in, trying to seem casual, then sits down on the piano stool at the end of the bed. He does not look up.
Gerald: Well?
Clara: I think we should divorce.
Gerald: Oh yes? (Without looking up from his book.) Why?
Clara: It's obvious, isn't it? Neither of us can live in this atmosphere.
Gerald: Really? We always have. (He is apparently mild-mannered. But as soon as Clara speaks, he interrupts.)
Clara: Look...
Gerald: Oh, yes, I can see it would suit you. I'm an embarrassment. I'm getting old. I've seen you do it to everyone since you were a girl. If they don't shape up, kick 'em out.
Clara: That's not fair.
Gerald: (Suddenly quiet.) I'll fight you for Simon. Oh, yes. In public. In the courts. In the papers. I've got nothing to lose. But you have. I'llget him.
Clara: You wouldn't.
Gerald: I'll say what sort of mother you were. You didn't come home when he was in hospital. (He looks at her) Well, did you? It doesn't look good.
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Clara: (Suddenly violent.) What do you want?
Gerald: Very little. (He goes back to his book, with a little smile.) If you've got a man, I would like to know.
1. What is the relationship between Clara and Gerald? 2. Who is Simon? 3. What does Gerald threaten to do if Clara insists on a divorce? 4. Why do you think Gerald has 'nothing to lose' if the case becomes public, while Clara does have something to lose? 5. What evidence would Gerald use against Clara in an attempt to get custody of their son?
1.
The names of the two characters.
What to write as directions before the scene, including a brief description of the characters and what they are wearing, and how they are sitting.
Are they arguing?
Does one of them want something from the other? If so, how do they go about getting it? How will the scene end?
(Don't forget that you can make your characters move, change expression, tone of voice etc. by including instructions in brackets before they speak.)
1. What is the relationship between the man and the woman?
2. Where are they?
3. Why did the artist choose to have the man reading the paper and the woman sitting at the piano?
4. Why aren't the two looking at each other?
5. What time of day or night is it?
6. What has happened?
7. What is going to happen?
8. What is the mood of the picture? Give three adjectives.
2. - , - , - .
1.2
My Flat
1. , ,
1) P. Good evening! Come in, please.
M. We are not late, are we?
T.S. Come in, please, and make yourselves at home. I say, Peter, you may show the flat to the guests.
P. Certainly. There are four rooms in the flat. That room on your left is mine. Would you come in?
P. There is a sofa and a desk in it. Then, there are some chairs. There's one chair at the desk and two chairs on either side of the sofa.
G. What about that room, next to yours?
P. That room is used as a sitting room. There are no beds in it. There are two sofas instead. There is a table and armchairs in the middle of the room. There are no carpets on the walls. But there is a beautiful thick carpet on the floor. And there are nice light curtains on the window. There is a TV set in the left- hand corner.
G. What that room?
P. And this is the room that Bert and Dick share. This is my parents bedroom. This is our bathroom. There is a bathtub and a shower in it. But its too small for the family like ours.
G. What have you got in your kitchen?
E. Isnt there a sink in your kitchen?
P. Of course, there is a sink with hot and cold water taps. We have got a gas-stove, a refrigerator and a table in it.
E. Oh, its rather late. We must be off.
P. All the best.
G. See you tomorrow.
2) - Where shall we put your bed?
- I think at the wall on the left of the door.
- And a desk?
- In front of the window.
- Let's put bookshelves on the wall on the right of the desk.
- OK. That will be comfortable.
3) - I have to share a room with my sister.
- Do you? I don't. I like my room. There is a sofa, wall units, a comfortable armchair and a TV set. A carpet in front of the sofa makes my room cosy.
(4) - Do you help your Mum about the house?
- Of course, I do.
- What do you usually do?
- I like cooking and washing dishes. But I dislike sewing. And you?
- I can't stand ironing.
- Can't you? I can.
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A Modern Flat
My friends parents have a new flat on the second floor of a 16 storied block of flats. It has all modern conveniences (gas in the kitchen and central heating everywhere). There are four rooms (a sitting-room, a dining-room, two bedrooms), a kitchen, a toilet, a hall and a bathroom. One room is Petes bedroom and another his parents bedroom.
Petes bedroom is not large but it is rather cozy and comfortable. It has two windows. The windows face a garden in front of the house. There is a sofa in the room, a bookcase where Pete keeps his books, a desk at which he usually sits and does his homework and a chair.
His parents sitting- room is a large room with two windows and two doors. One door is leading to the hall, another to the balcony. There is a sofa in the room. There are also two armchairs, a table, a wall fitment at one of the walls, a TV set in the corner of the room and a bookcase. The nets are white and the curtains are green.
The dining-room is also very nice. There is an extending table in the middle of the room. There are four chairs around the table. At one of the walls there is a cupboard for plates, cups, knives, forks and spoons. A lamp with a nice lampshade hanging from the ceiling above the table makes the room nice and cozy.
Petes mother is very proud of her kitchen. There is a gas stove with a kitchen cabinet next to it. There are also several kitchen units, a sink with two taps, a fridge.
In the hall there is a big built-in cupboard where they keep a vacuum-cleaner, bags and other things. There is also a hat and coat rack in the hall.
1. ? ,
2.
Apartment for rent
Roger: Hello.
Ann: Hello Roger? This is Ann.
Roger: Oh hi, Ann. How have you been? And how's your new apartment working out?
Ann: Well, that's what I'm calling about. You see, I've decided to look for a new place.
Roger: Oh, what's the problem with your place now? I thought you liked the apartment.
Ann: Oh, I do, but it's a little far from campus and the commute is just killing me. Do you think you could help? I thought you might know more about the housing situation near the University.
Roger: Alright. So, what kind of place are you looking for?
Ann: Well, I'd like to share an apartment with one or two roommates within walking distance to school.
Roger: Okay, what's your budget like? I mean how much do you want to spend on rent?
Ann: Uh, somewhere under $200 a month, including utilities, if I could. Oh, and I'd prefer to rent a furnished apartment.
Roger: Hmm. And anything else?
Ann: Yeah, I need a parking space.
Roger: Well, I know there's an apartment complex around the corner that seems to have a few vacancies. I'll drop by there on my way to class today.
Ann: Hey, thanks a lot.
Roger: No problem.
| 1. What is the main topic of the conversation? a) problems with living in an apartment b) a search for a new apartment c) the cost of rent near universities 2. Why doesn't Ann like her current apartment? a) It's too expensive. b) The neighborhood is noisy. c) It's located some distance from school. 3. How much money does Ann want to pay for rent? a) no more than $200 b) around $200 c) a little more than $200 | 4. What kind of place is she looking for? a) somewhere that is within a short driving distance of campus b) an apartment with furniture already in it c) a place where she can live alone used or rented 5. How is Roger going to help her? a) He is planning on calling a friend who owns an apartment building. b) He will check the newspapers to see if he can find an apartment for rent. c) is going to visit an apartment building near his place. |
| Notes: working out: going well commute: to travel (a travel) between home and work or school utilities: public services including water, gas, and electricity furnished: containing furniture, for example, a sofa, tables, and washing machine vacancies: rooms not being |
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| 1) Many English families... 2) The bedrooms and a bathroom... 3) The living room, the kitchen and a hall 4) There are two | a)... are downstairs on the ground floor. b)... live in flats, but some people have got their own houses. c)... floors in the traditional English house. d)... are upstairs on the first floor. |
4. to be
1. There a big grocery on the ground floor and its very convenient to do everyday shopping.
2. There three rooms in our flat: a living room and two bedrooms.
3. There two pictures above the piano.
4. There a lovely carpet on the floor between the beds.
5. There also a writing- table, two chairs and some bookshelves here.
6. There two beds, a bedside table, some chairs and a wardrobe in it.
7. There a gas- stove, four stools, a refrigerator and a cupboard in which we keep cups, plates and all our dishes.
8. There a hall-stand and a mirror on the wall.
9. there pictures on the wall?
10.... there a table near the window?
11. there a comfortable armchair in the room?
12... there two or three bedrooms in the house?
1. My Flat
2. My Home My Castle
1.3
The Weather
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English Weather
The weather in England is very changeable. A fine morning can change into a wet afternoon and evening. And a nasty morning can change to a fine afternoon. That is why it is natural for the English to use the comparison as changeable as the weather of a person who often changes his mood or opinion about something. Other countries have a climate, in England we have weather. This statement is often made by the English to describe the meteorological conditions of their country.
The English also say that they have three variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon or when it rains all day long. The weather is the favourite conversational topic in England. When two Englishmen meet, their first words will be How do you do? or How are you? And after the reply Very well, thank you; how are you? the next remark is almost certain to be about the weather! When they go abroad the English often surprise people of other nationalities by this tendency to talk about the weather, a topic of conversation that other people do not find so interesting. The best time of the year in England is spring (of course, it rains in spring too). The two worst months in Britain are January and February. They are cold, damp and unpleasant. The best place in the world then is at home by the big fire. Summer months are rather cold and there can be a lot of rainy days. So most people who look forward to summer holidays, plan to go abroad for the summer, to France or somewhere on the Continent.
The most unpleasant aspect of English weather is fog and smog. This is extremely bad in big cities and especially in London.
2.
| 1. Cool and wet 2. Warm and sunny 3. Bright and frosty 4. Hot and stuffy 5. Wet and foggy 6. Cool and windy 7. Rainstorm and strong wind | a) What a hot day! b) What a cold day! c) What a sunny day! d) What a rainy day! e) What a windy day! f) What a foggy day! g) What a nasty day! |
3.
Seasons
There are four seasons in a year: spring, summer, autumn and winter. Every season is beautiful in its own way.
When spring comes nature awakens from its long winter sleep. The days become longer and the nights become shorter. The ground is covered with green grass and the first flowers. The air is fresh, the sky is blue and cloudless, and the sun shines brightly. The trees are in full blossom. The days are warm and everything is full of life and joy.
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Spring is followed by summer. The weather is usually fine in summer, but it can be very hot, especially in July. Sometimes there are storms with thunder and lightning. In summer people try to get away from the city noise and spend more time in the open air. They pick mushrooms and berries in the forest, swim in the rivers and lakes, go fishing and boating. Most people prefer to have their holidays in summer.
Autumn begins in September. The days become shorter and the nights become longer. The leaves turn yellow, red and brown and fall to the ground. Most birds fly away to warm countries. September is called Indian Summer. It is a beautiful time when the sky is cloudless, the trees around is golden, but gradually it gets colder and colder. It often rains in October and November which makes autumn an unpleasant season.
In winter the sun sets early and rises late. The rivers and lakes are frozen over. Everything is covered with snow. Sometimes it is very cold, about 25-30 degrees below zero. Going out in such weather isn't very pleasant. Winter is a good time for sports. People go in for skating and skiing.
As for me, I like all the seasons, but I think there is nothing like late spring.
1. English Weather
1) Is the weather in England very changeable?
2) How often does it rain in England?
3) What do Englishmen often say to describe the weather of their country?
4) Englishmen often talk about weather. Do you find topic of conversation interesting?
5) What is the worst time of the year in England? When do Englishmen prefer to stay at home by the fire?
6) How do the English spend their short English summer?
7) What kinds of weather do you like best of all?
8) Which do you like better: when it's cold or hot?
9) What is the weather like today?
10) What is the weather forecast for tomorrow?
11) What is the weather like in your town in winter (summer, autumn, spring)?
2. ,
1: What a scorcher! This's gotta be the hottest day we've had so far this summer.
2: You can say that again! I've never suffered so much from the heat!
1: This is the kind of weather that makes me want to stay inside and do nothing.
2: I'm so glad we have air conditioning.
1: Me too. I don't know how they stood it in the old days with only fans and shade trees to keep them cool.
2: I guess it took a strong, pioneer spirit.
1: Well, I certainly don't seem to have it!
Notes
scorcher - extremely hot day
gotta be - must be (without a doubt)
You can say that again! - I agree!
air conditioning - way of treating and circulating air in a building, room, car, etc. to regulate its temperature or humidity
to stand - to endure
pioneer - person who goes first and prepares the way for others
1. Are the speakers indoors or outdoors?
2. What's the value of air conditioning?
3. What is a pioneer spirit?
4. How did people deal with heat in the old days?
3. to be
1) In Scotland it (to be) cold with snow in the mountains tomorrow.
2) In the north of England it (to be) wet day with heavy showers for all day long.
3) The Midlands (to be) dry today but it (to be) cloudy last week.
4) In the south of England it (to be) bright and clear with a lot of sunshine but it (to be) windy in the evening.
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1. How many seasons are there in a year? 2. When does nature awaken from her long winter sleep? 3. Why do we like spring so much? 4. Why do people try to spend more time in the open air in summer? 5. Is summer the best season for tourism? 6. Where did you go last summer? 7. Do you like Indian summer? Why? 8. Do you like late autumn? 9. What do you usually do on a nasty rainy day? 10. What is the weather like in winter? 11. Do you go in for skating or skiing? 12. Were you fond of playing snowballs and making snowmen when you were a child? 13. Most people prefer summer to any other season of the year. What about you? 14. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each season?
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| In Moscow (St. Petersburg, Astrakhan, Saratov, Novgorod, Lipetsk, Kursk, Murmansk, Kiev, Tula, Novosibirsk, Ozersk) | cold hot ; foggy rainy; cool frosty ; warm wet ; bright clear ; dry misty; cloudy windy; with heavy showers; with a lot of snow; with a lot of sunshine; with a thick fog; with rainstorms. |
3.
) 1.. . 2. . . 3. . . 4. , . 5. . . . 6. ? , . 7. , . 8. , . 9. , . 10. , 5 . 11. , . 12. . . 13. , . 14. , . 15. , .
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4. English Weather
1.4
Meals
1. , ,
A Pizza Place
Mike: Lets go into this pizza restaurant. I'd like some takeaway pizzas. Hello. Could you show us the menu, please?
Assistant: Here it is.
Mike: Two cheese and tomato pizzas to take away, please.
Assistan t: Certainly. Theyll be ready in five minutes. Would you like to take a seat?
Alexander: Im thirsty. Shall we have a drink?
Mike: One large coke and a pure orange juice, please.
Assistant: Here you are. Thatll be £3.60, please. Thank you very much. Goodbye.
Mike: Bye.
At the Hamburgers Bar
Mike: What shall we have? I usually have a hamburger and large coke. But today Id like a king size and strawberry milk shake. I m very hungry.
Alex: Ill have the same.
Assistant: Hello.
Mike: Hello. Two king size hamburgers and two strawberry milk shakes, please.
Assistant: Anything else?
Alex: Yes. Chips, please. Thank you very much.
Assistant: Thatll be £ 4.60, please.
Mike: Thank you.
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English Meals
An Englishman's day begins when he sits down to breakfast with his morning paper. There is nothing he likes better than his favourite breakfast of cornflakes with milk and sugar, bacon and eggs, toast and marmalade, tea or coffee. It is really a big meal. Round about 11 in the morning some Englishmen, who work have their tea or coffee break. Then at midday, say from 1 till 2, the city pavements are full of people on their way to cafes. This is lunch time in Great Britain. At lunch people seldom eat soup. Those who have lunch at home may eat chicken or clear soup but not always. They usually have a meat course and a sweet dish. Englishmen like steaks, chops, roast-beef, Yorkshire pudding or fish and chips. A meat course is served with plenty of vegetables: peas, beans or cauliflower. They call green cabbage leaves or lettuces "salad" and eat it with the so called "salad-dressing", a mixture of oil, vinegar, salt, pepper and mayonnaise. A sweet dish is perhaps fruit and pudding or a pie with tea to follow.
Afternoon tea can hardly be called a meal. Tea drinking is quite a tradition with the English. 5 o'clock tea is not usually served at the table though Englishmen don't find it convenient. Each person has a cup and a saucer and a spoon in his hands. Strong tea is mostly drunk with sugar and cream or milk. Such tea is known as English tea. Tea with lemon is called Russian tea in England.
The evening meal, when all the family gathers round the table, after their working day, goes under various names: tea, high tea, dinner or supper. It is usually a meat course followed by tinned fruitor cake and tea.
When outing, that is on a picnic, the English load their luncheon baskets with all sorts of hamburgers or sandwiches made of slices of bread and butter with ham, cheese, raw tomatoes, cabbage leaves in between.
On the whole, English cuisine is not the best in theworld. Englishmen prefer just "good plain food".
3.
Table Manners
An attractive table is a sign of the cook's or the host's pride and respect for you.
1. Be punctual, or the meal may be spoilt.
2. Wash your hands before coming to table.
3. At home, or when you are with friends, offer to help lay or clear the table.
4. Wait for the host or hostess to tell you where to sit.
5. In America, they invite others at the table to "Enjoy". In France, they say, "Bon Appetit". Germans say, "Guten Appetit", and Italians, "Buon Appetite". The British say nothing.
6. Take your napkin and put it on your lap. Keep it there during the meal and use it to wipe your hands or mouth whenever necessary.
7. When there are several pieces of cutlery beside the plate, you start on the outside for the first course.
8. Offer others before you help yourself.
9. Sit up straight and keep your elbows off the table.
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: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
: 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
2.
| 1. Do you consider all types of food to be healthy? 2. Is it healthy to eat much sweet and salt? 3. Is it healthy to skip meals? 4. What types of food do you know? 5. What do you usually have (eat) for breakfast (for dinner, for supper)? | 6. What do you like to drink? 7. How many meals a day do you have? 8. What do the English have for breakfast (dinner, supper)? 9. What tea is called Russian tea? 10. Can we call English cuisine the best in theworld? |
1. .
2. At the Restaurant
1.5
Shop and Shopping
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Shopping
Nowadays shopping is very popular. Its one of the most favourite engagements for women, through a great number of men and even children are fond of shopping.
There are a lot of different shops and stores in any town or city, but the biggest one is a shopping mall. There you can buy clothes and shoes for men and women, toys for children, various goods and appliances for your home. Well-trained managers can help you to find everything you need, choose your size, give you advice. In a fitting room you can try any dress, blouse or jeans.
Sometimes shops give a discount to attract more consumers. A great number of people try, to buy things on sale to save good sums of money.
In cosmetic and perfumery stores you can taste any article you like and choose the best.
Visiting a bookshop you can buy different books, newspapers, magazines.
Theres no need to visit shopping-mall for some bread or milk. Its more convenient to buy it in the nearest bakery or dairy, or some other grocery stores. But a large assortment in a shopping mall gives you an opportunity to save time when you buy foods for a week or invite guests.
Sick and tired of shopping you can have a rest in a comfortable cafe just in a shopping mall. There you can have a snack, chat with your friends about everything and have a short rest after shopping.
Some people cant stand to do shopping alone; they need the help of their friends or members of their family.
If you want to choose a good present to your parents, pack and decorate it you may go to a specialized store. There you can also buy beautiful post cards.
Shopping is one of the most pleasant pastimes. In a shopping mall you can buy everything you need and a great army of shop-assistants are pleased to help you to spend your money any time.
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At the Supermarket
B.: Here we are at the supermarket. Where is my shopping list?
I.: It's right in your hand. Shall I get a cart to put the things in?
B.: Yes, please. We need a lot. I have to check the shopping list: fresh pine-apple juice, peanuts, sunflower oil, chicken, cabbage, carrots and onions, half a pound of butter, and sour cream.
I.: Let's start with the dairy products. They are over there.
B.: Don't forget to check the date on the label because all perish-label products are dated.
I.: Oh, Betty, you are going to make in excellent housewife.
B.: Yes, I know how to save money buying things at the supermarkets.
I.: Come on! Reveal your secrets to four best buddies.
B.: Do you know that all big supermarkets have their own brands for all the foods they sell?
I.: So what?
.: They are cheaper. The thing is the store's own brand is the least expensive one.
I.: Oh, we are going to make a fortune out of the money we save, aren't we?
B.: Let's go to the cash register and see how much cash we have saved today.
2) T.: Fashionable shoes are my weak point! Let's go by the footwear section.
Patrick: There is no use in arguing with a lady.
T.: Could you show me the black shoes?
Shop girl: What heels do you prefer, miss? We have them in a higher, lower and in a medium heel. What's your size?
T.: I wear size 7. Can I try them on?
Shop girl: Do, please. Oh, they suit you perfectly, miss.
T.: They are neither loose nor tight on me. I'll take them!
Shop girl: Will you pay in cash?
T.: No, I won't. It'll be my credit card.
P.: Oh! Who is this beauty? Is that you, Tracy? I didnt recognize you in those new shoes. Fantastic!
T.: A compliment paid at the right time rings truth.
P.: It's not a compliment. I meant it sincerely.
4.
Shop and Shopping
When we want to buy something, we go to a shop. There are many kinds of shops in every town. I like to do my shopping at big department stores and supermarkets. They sell various goods under one roof and this is very convenient. A department store is composed of many departments: ready-made clothes, fabrics, shoes, sports goods, toys, china and glass, electric appliances, cosmetics, linen, curtains, camera, records. You can buy everything you like there.
In a food supermarket we can also buy many different things at once: sausages, fish, sugar, macaroni, flour, cereals and tea. At the butcher's there is a wide choice of meat and poultry. At the bakery you buy brown and white bread, rolls and biscuits. At a dairy you can buy milk, cream, cheese, butter, and many other products.
The methods of shopping may vary. It may be a self-service shop where the customer goes from counter to counter putting into a basket what he wishes to buy. In small shops the shop-assistant helps the customer in finding what he wants. You pay money to the cashier and he gives you back the change.
1. Shopping
1. Where can people usually have a snack after shopping?
2. Why do they let a customer taste cosmetics and perfumery in the shop?
3. What is situated in every shop of clothes?
4. What is the biggest store?
2. . (How much? How many?)
Two friends, Ben and Sam, are going to give a dinner party for their girlfriends.
Ben: Now, have we got everything we need?
Sam: Well, let's see. There are some onions and potatoes, but there aren't any mushrooms and, of course, there isn't any minced beef.
Ben: Are there any carrots?
Sam: A few. But we don't need many, so that's OK.
Ben: How much milk is there?
Sam: Only a little. And there isn't any butter, and we haven't got much cheese.
Ben: Well, we don't need much cheese. Is there anything else?
Sam: No, not for Shepherd's Pie. We've got some salt and pepper, and there's a lot of flour. Would you like me to help with the shopping?
Ben: Yes, please.
3
1.
Marks & Spencer.
, . , Marks & Spencer. , .
| - the Duchess of York - £10 million - a Polish immigrant - shoelaces | - Spain - Paris and Newcastle - jumpers - chiropodists |
Marks & Spencer (or M&S) is Britain's favorite store. Tourists love it too. It attracts a great variety of customers, from housewives to millionaires. The Duchess of York, Dustin Hoffman, and the British Prime Minister are just a few of its famous customers. Last year it made a profit of £529 million, which is more than £10 million a week.
It all started 105 years ago, when a young Polish immigrant, Michael Marks, had a stall in the Leeds market. He didn't have many things to sell: some cotton, a little wool, lots of buttons, and a few shoelaces. Above his stall he put famous notice Penny Stalls.
Ten years later, he met Tom Spencer and together they started Penny Stalls in many towns in the north of England. Today there are 564 branches of M&S all over the world - in America, Canada, Spain, France, Belgium, and Hungary.
Surprisingly, tastes in food and clothes are international. What sells well in Paris sells just as well in Newcastle? Their best-selling clothes are:
- for women: jumpers, bras, and knickers (M&S is famous for its knickers!);
- for men: shirts, socks, pajamas, dressing gowns and suits;
- for children: underwear and socks.
Best-sellers in food include: fresh chickens, bread, vegetables and sandwiches. Chicken is internationally the most popular convenience food.
The store bases its business on three principles: good value, good quality, and good service. Also, it changes with the times - once it was all jumpers and knickers. Now it's food, furniture, and flowers as well. Top fashion designers advise on styles of clothes.
2. Buying a Gift
1.6
Sports in our Life
1.
1. We have a good football team. 2. Our P.T. teacher does the coaching. 3. We have a good coach. 4. Do you go in for sports? 5. I go in for swimming, skiing, track and field, gymnastic. 6. Are you good at sports? 7. I like jogging, but I am not very good at high and long jumping. 8. We have two training sessions a day. 9. Sport takes almost all of my free time.
2. ,
Sports and Games
It goes without saying that one of the most important tasks today is to bring up a healthy generation. That is why most governments pay special attention to sport and physical education. All students have at least two PT lessons a week. Most colleges have well-equipped gyms, swimming pools and tennis courts, where students can develop physically and get all the necessary skills and habits. It is known that most teenagers are interested in sport or take part in a sporting activity.
Boys, girls and teenagers participate in a great number of sport events. They include indoor and outdoor sports such as football, rugby, cricket, swimming, squash, tennis, running, athletics, horse-riding, archery, chess, and many other social games.
Many of these activities are organised through school or through youth clubs. Every school, college or university has sport teams and groups. They are formed to compete with other schools and clubs.
In many cases sport has become a commercial affair. Large sports and leisure centres have excellent facilities for sport and fitness. Though they are not free, and people have to pay, children and grown-ups attend them willingly. Such places are especially popular with teenagers because they usually offer discounted rates for young people.
Nowadays almost all people are fond of some sport, because it helps them to keep fit and because they enjoy it.
There are summer and winter kinds of sports. The winter sports are: speed and figure skating, skiing, hockey, free style and so on.
Some people prefer summer sports. The most popular are: swimming, rowing, fishing, track and field athletics, mountain-climbing, hiking and others. You can go in for gymnastics, wrestling, boxing, weight-lifting, play volley-ball, basket-ball and tennis in a gym all the year round.
Sports are very much the same in most countries, but some sports are more popular than others in a certain country. Cricket, golf and soccer are popular in England. Baseball and rugby football are popular in America.
3.
Sport in Our Country
Sport is very popular in our country. Thousands of people go in for sports, because sports help people to keep in good health. The most popular sports in our country are field-and-track athletics, football, volleyball, basketball, hockey and gymnastics, skiing and skating. There are lots of stadiums, sport clubs and sport grounds in our country.
At every school pupils spend much time going in for sports. First of all its their physical training lessons. And after the school is over they may train at different sport clubs and sections. From time to time every school organizes competitions in different kinds of sport.
The most popular kinds of sport in our school are football, basketball, gymnastics, wrestling. Some boys are also fond of boxing. Among girls gymnastics is very popular. In winter we spend much time outdoors, skating and skiing. Boys like to play hockey. In summer we like to swim most of all, because swimming makes a man healthy and strong.
National British Sports
Many kinds of sport originated from England. The British think that someone will do his work better if he goes in for sport as well.
Association football or soccer is one of the most popular games in the British Isles played from late August until the beginning of May. In summer the English national sport is cricket. Cricket in England is played and watched by all classes. Golf is Scotlands chief contribution to British. Golf is everywhere in the British Isles a middleclass activity. Association football is a working-class sport as are boxing, wrestling, snooker, darts and dog-racing, fishing. Walking and swimming are the two most popular sporting activities, being almost equally undertaken by men and women. Snooker (billiards), pool and darts are the next most popular sports among men. Aerobics and yoga, squash and cycling are among the sports where participation has been increasing in recent years.
There are several places in Britain associated with a particular kind of sport. One of them is Wimbledon - a suburb to the south of London where the All-England Lawn Tennis Championships are held in July (since 1877). The other one is Wimble - a stadium in north of London where international football matches, the Cup finals and other events have taken place since 1923. It can hold over 100,000 spectators. The third one is Derby, the most famous flat race in the English racing calendar, which has been run at Epsom near London since 1780.
1. ,
- Do you do any sports?
- No, I don't have any friends.
- But I like eating chips and watching TV. And you?
- Me neither. People say I'm always pessimistic.
- Oh, it's boring. I don't like them.
- Me neither. My father always wins.
- I'm Tim.
- Bad luck... Do you like meeting friends?
- No, I don't like any sports.
- Me too. How about playing computer games?
- They say the same about me.
- Really? Lets be friends then. Im Tom. And you?
2. , . (A-F)? .
Speaker 1. What reason can I give for sport? I play in our school football team. It is a good way to meet people and to make new friends.
Speaker 2. In my opinion sport takes a lot of energy. It causes a lot of injuries. Sport makes you unhappy when you lose. And after all, it turns you off to studying.
Speaker 3. Sport helps me to relax and to keep fit after a hard working day. It helps to work off my extra energy. To have a healthy mind you must have a healthy body.
Speaker 4. Sport builds character. It teaches you to be disciplined and organised in daily activities. It teaches you handle losing and winning. Sport makes men out of boys.
Speaker 5. I prefer to watch sports competition rather than take part in sports. To be healthy it is not necessary to become a professional sportsman. I go in for sports just for pleasure, when I have free time.
A. It teaches you about life.
B. It helps you to meet people.
C. It is not necessary to become a professional sportsman.
D. It makes people into rivals.
E. It makes you unhappy and causes alot of injuries.
F. It helps you to relax.
| Speaker 1 | Speaker 2 | Speaker 3 | Speaker 4 | Speaker 5 |
4. ,
A Fantastic New Idea
Eighty years ago, Mr. Goode of Putney, South London, went to the chemists to buy some aspirin. In the shop, he almost forgot about his tablets as he stood looking at the pimpled rubber mat on the counter. It had given him a fantastic new idea.
He paid for his aspirin and the rubber mat. Then he rushed home, cut the rubber mat to the right shape and size and stuck it to his wooden table tennis paddle. The thin layer of rubber helped him put a very fast spin on the ball. When he became the English champion, everyone started copying him, putting a rubber layer on their paddles, and soon Mr. Goodes clever idea completely changed the style and speed of table tennis.
Table tennis was first invented in England in about 1880. At first the game had several strange names: Gossima, Whiff Whaff and Ping Pong. It wasnt until 1926 that the international Table Tennis Association was formed with
