, , .
, , . . , , , , . .
, , , .
, 50 , . , .
, . . . .
, . . () , . (F) (V):
= F + V.
, . ֳ . . , 20 000 10 . . 20 000 10 . . .
, . , , . dz : , . 3 8.1 , 50
. , .
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. () . : , . (F) , (F: Q). , 8.1 10 (50: 5). F , .
(V) , (V: Q). , 8.1 25 (150: 6).
() , (: Q). , 8.1 36 (180: 6). .
. () . , :
= ∆ / ∆Q = ∆V / ∆Q,
V ,
Q .
8.1
( , .)
, ., Q | , TFC | , TVC | , TC | , AFC | , AVC | , ATC | , MC |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
- | - | - | - | ||||
50.0 | 50.0 | 100.0 | |||||
25.0 | 39.0 | 64.0 | |||||
16.7 | 32.7 | 49.4 | |||||
12.5 | 28.0 | 40.5 | |||||
10.0 | 26.0 | 36.0 | |||||
8.3 | 25.0 | 33.3 | |||||
7.1 | 25.0 | 32.1 | |||||
6.3 | 25.5 | 31.8 |
8.1 TV TC. , 20 , V 130 150 . 20 180 200.
, . . , , : (L) , () .
F . , Q F1 (. 8.1).
. 8.1.
³, V. . V (. 8.2).
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. 8.2. . 8.3.
; V , Q*. V . ϳ Q* . V (. 8.2).
V . 0 Q*, .
0 Q2 . , Q2, .
, F V. V . ³ - (. 8.3).
(). , :
= : Q =F +V = F: Q + V: Q.
, , ' , ' .
, 8.4.
Q1 Q
. 8.4.
, . . , L , 0 Q1. ϳ .
(V). . 8.5 V. . V , . V 8.6 , V < - F, .
Q1 Q
. 8.5.
, V, F . ³ V F.
. 8.6. ATC AVC . 8.7.
Q, V , F . ̳ V , V .
(). , : F= F: Q. , Q (. 8.7), , , . , F : F > 0.
F , F , Q . , , F, .
F , V.
F (. 8.7).
(). 8.8 . , , . , , -, , Q*. 0 Q* , , , , .
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V. , . ֳ .
Q* Q
. 8.8.
, . - . , . , . , .
. , , , , . : , .
(LR) 8.9 LR. , LR , .
LR, 8.10, SR, . , . SR1 , 1, Q, , . , : .
. 8.9. . 8.10. LRAC
, , , , . , , 8.10 2. , 2 b, , 25 40 . ֳ 䳿: 40 , , ; 25 , , , . 8.10 ' SR, ' . . () SR, , (25, 40, 90, 105), LR .
' , . LR SR. LR 䳺 . ³ ' . LR , , , , ' . , . ³' , . , SR .
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, . ̳ : (R), (R), (R). .
, . . , , , , . ֳ : . ³ , R = , , R .
:TR = AR ´ Q. AR = P, TR = P ´ Q (. 21.3).
, . R , (. 8.2).
8.2
, ( , .)
ֳ , | ʳ , ., Q | , TR | , MR | , AR |
- | - | |||
-1 | ||||
-3 |
:
MR = ∆R / ∆Q
∆R ;
∆Q .
8.2 , , . 0 5. 5. , ; MR = -1.
, , .
. AR, , , MR . 21.3 , . :
Q = 6 P P = 6 Q,
AR = TR: Q MR = 6 2Q.
O (AR MR) ( ). MR , AR (.8.11).
.8.11. . 8.12.
, AR , R. R , , , AR (0 Q* = 2 0 Q1).
AR = 6 Q MR = 6 2 Q , .
. . 8.12 R , . 8.2. R = 0, R = 0, R = R: Q. R (Rmax), MR = 0 AR ( ab bc ). R , .