4
: , .
: , , ( )
. ( 3.9)
, , - . , , .
, , , . , . . , , , ( ) .
- ,- ? , - - , , . : 200, 1 . 5%.
, , . 100 / , - , , 100 .
, , , . ( ).
, , . , , . , - , , , , . 0,6 0,7, .
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.
. - . , - . , . .
. , , , ().
- (P) (Q= V /τ).
, , . 6, 8, 10, 13 .
, 3-4 , - 6,5 . , 8-10 . , , - 8- .
, , ?
-, , , (-2 ) . , P=8 6 8 , 10-, - , 8 10 .
-, , . ( , , . .) . , .
, 8 . , 6-, , 10 .
. , , , .
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, : ? . , - . . 1. 2 . ( 3) 4-1. 1-2,
2, . 2 ( 2-3). , 2, 1 ( 3-4) . : 1. ( ). 2. . 3. , , . 4. () . 5. .
. 1. .
1-2"', 1-2", 1- 2 1-2'. 1-2, , V1 V2, 1 2, - 1 2. (2-3) (2 2 ). V2 . 3-4 (1). (4-1) 1 1, , V1 . 1 2 , , 1-2-3-4. , , . , . , . , . ( ) . 1 2 (. . 1, 1-2" '- 3-4 ). , -
. - 2* ( m .2) 2 , . 2-m-3. m - . 3 , , 3-4 (.2), -. , . , - , 1*.
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. 2. .
t1* - t 1, . , , .. 1* t1*, - V. V. λ = (3-59) , , , ,( , ). λ = 0,8 ÷ 0,85.
1. (.. 3)
2. , 2. .
3. 2 Τ1 . - : 1.
τ, | Vc | t10C | t20C | P1 | P2 | d | h | ω | b | |
Q | Q | m | λ | l* | N | η | Q | |||
1. (1 ) :
l* =[n/(n-1)](R*Τ1)[(Ρ2/Ρ1)(n-1/ n) - 1] (1) n ≈ γ = l,4 R*= R/μ=8,314 (/ 0) /29 / = 0,287 /0. ( 29 /).
l* =
, P2 Ρ1 = 1 (1 ) P2 = 1 + 2; 2. :
Q = Vc(2/1) (1/2) /τ; (2) Vc = V2 ( ) = 50 . - 0.
Q = (π d2/4) h ωb (3).
d, S, b - . ω /. h= 32 , ω = 2850 /, b = 1, d = 54 . (2) ( Vc= 50 ), . /. (3) (1 =100 ), /=1/. 1 3= 1, /. (Q).
Q=
Q =
: ( Q) , .
.3.
. (2) : 2 - V2 (Vc). - 3.9 - ( 1 ). -. - P1·V1 = (m/μ)·R·T1 P2·V2 = (m/μ)·R·T2 V2 = Vc - . , .. V1. P1·V1/ (P2·V2)= T1/T2 V1= (P2·V2)·T1/ P1·T2 = V2·(2/1) (T1/T2) = Vc(2/1) (1/2). Q= V1/τ. (3) , . (1 ). (π d2/4) ( h).
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4.
λ = Q/Q =
( 3.9) , (, ) , . , . .
: . : η = N/ N = m l */(τ N) (5)
N- . Ÿ l *: N = L*/τ = m l */τ; (6) = m/τ - . N , , N.. - Ν. = 1,1
5. :
2
- 2V2 = (m/μ) R2; m= 2V2 μ/ R2 = η = N /Ν.. = m l */(τ N..) =