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- Simula 67, 60- . . , , ( 60- .) Simula 67, ( , Fortran).
Simula 67 , 70- . - . - : C++, Ada, Smalltalk .
- C++ [1, 6, 8]. Simula. ++ 80- , AT&T. , , , 1998 . ++.
- . , 1995 . - Java, , , Internet. Microsoft - C# (C Sharp), ++ Internet-.
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- - , . - . [3, 4], . , . , - -. UML [2, 5, 7, 9], 1997 . Object Management Group .
1 ++
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ß
class date {
public:
int day, month, year;
void set (int, int, int);
void get (int&, int&, int&);
void next ();
};
- . inline. .
.
. - date::set, .
void date::set (int d, int m, int y) {
day = d;
month = m;
year = y;
}
. . . , , ,
date d;
, .
ß
cout << d.day;
d.set(19,10,2001);
- . ( , , , , ). , .
public private .
. date , .
ß
class date {
private:
int day, month, year;
public:
void set (int,int,int);
...
};
, , ,
int day, month, year;
int date::day, date::month, date::year;
.
. , . , . .
|
|
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. .
ß
class date {
int day, month, year;
public:
date(int,int,int);
date(char*);
date();
};
, . , ++ .
:
void main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
date d1 = date(19, 10, 2001);
date d2(19, 10, 2001); // ,
date d3 = date("19-Oct-2001");
date d4 = "19-Oct-2001"; // 1
date d5; //
}
, , . .
, . , . ~ . ,
~date().
. , . , .
date* p date. p , (*p).set(),
p->set()
.
ß
date d1;
date* p = &d1;
, this. -. X this :
X* const this;
- ,
int readme() const {/* */};
this, , :
const X *const this.
new delete
new.
ß
date* p = new date(19, 10, 2001);
, , 0.
. new , , .
delete.
ß
delete p;
!
static . , .
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, .
.
- .
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□
□ , , sizeof.
class A{
public:
static int cout;
};
int A::cout;
A b,*c;
void main()
{
cout<<A::cout<<endl;//10
cout<<b.cout<<endl;//10
cout<<c->cout<<endl;//10
|
|
|
A::cout=100;
cout<<A::cout<<endl;//10
cout<<b.cout<<endl;//10
cout<<c->cout<<endl;//10
/////////////////////////////
cin.get();
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
. , this. , , , , .
#include <iostream.h>
class B{
static int cout;
int data;
public:
static void inc_cout(){cout++;}
static int get_cout(){return cout;}
};
int B::cout(13);
void main()
{
B d,*e;
cout<<d.get_cout()<<endl;
d.inc_cout();
cout<<e->get_cout()<<endl;
cin.get();
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(const) (virtual).
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.
.
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- .
- .
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#include <iostream.h>
class TA{
int a;
int b;
public:
int d;
TA (int x=3,int y=4){a=x;b=y;}
friend void print(TA&);
friend class TB;
};
class TB{
public:
void inc_TA(TA& inca){inca.a++;};
void inc_TB(TA& incb){incb.b++;};
};
void print(TA &obj)
{cout<<obj.a<<"\t"<<obj.b<<endl;}
void main()
{
TA b,*c,d(4,5),*z;
c=new TA();
z=new TA(7,8);
print(b);
print(d); //4 5
print(*c);
print(*z);
delete c;
delete z;
TB q;
q.inc_TA(d);
q.inc_TB(d);
print(d);//5 6
cin.get();
}
friend .
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, , 1.
- operator, :
operator ( ) { }
#include <iostream.h>
class TA{
int a;
int b;
public:
TA (int x=3,int y=4){a=x;b=y;}
friend void print(TA&);
//
/* -, , , , :
*/
TA& operator++(){a++;b++;return *this;}
// :
const TA& operator=(const TA& operand2)
{if(&operand2==this) return *this;
//
//
//
a=operand2.a;b=operand2.b;
}
TA operator+(TA& operand2){
TA sum;
sum.a=a+operand2.a;
sum.b=b+operand2.b;
return sum;
}
bool operator>(TA& operand2){
return (a>operand2.a&&b>operand2.b)? true: false;
}
//
//
//
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,TA &obj)
{out<<"a= "<<obj.a<<"\tb="<<obj.b;
return out;}
friend istream& operator>>(istream& in,TA &obj)
{
cout<<"Vvedite a=";
in>>obj.a;
cout<<"Vvedite b=";
in>>obj.b;
return in;}
};
void main()
{
TA b(4,5),c(1,1);
print(b);
b++;
print(b);
TA s=b+c;
print(s);
if (s>b)cout<<">"<<endl;
cin>>s;
cout<<s<<endl;//a=6 b=7
cin.get();
cin.get();
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void print(TA &obj)
{cout<<obj.a<<"\t"<<obj.b<<endl;}
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: date birthday.
ß
class date {
int day, month, year;
public:
date(int,int,int);
date(char*);
};
class birthday: public date {
public:
string name;
};
