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, , . - . , .
λ - .
t N , dN, dt N.

dN = -λNdt. (13.1)

(1)

N(t) = N0e-λt. (13.2)

N0 - t = 0.
C τ

. (13.3)

T1/2 - ,

T1/2 = ln2/λ=0.693/λ = τln2. (13.4)

A -

A(t) = λN(t). (13.5)

() ()

1 = 3.7*1010 /c, 1 = 1 /c.

1 2, 3,

(13.6)

 

N1(t) N2(t) - , λ1 λ2 - 1 2 . (6) N1(0) = N10; N2(0) = 0

, (13.7a)

. (13.7)

13. 1

2 .

 

λ2 < λ1 (), N1(t)λ1 + N2(t)λ2 .
λ21 ()), 2.
λ2 >> λ1, (7) , A2 = λ2N2 A1 = λ1N1 . .

A1(t) = N10λ1 = N1(t)λ1 = A2(t) = N2(t)λ2. (13.8)

, ( ) .

. (13.9)

, , , .
, 1→2→...n,

dNi/dt = -λiNi i-1Ni-1. (13.10)

(10) N1(0) = N10; Ni(0) = 0

(13.11)

(13.12)

, , , i = m.

 

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