(..) __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __, , ( , -) .
3. .
| ( ) |
| .. 0: Na2O, H2, Ba, H2SO4, N2, S, H2O, Al, Cu, HNO3, F2, CaO. .. ( ): ) I +1; ) II +2; ) +3. Na, K2O, Fe, CaCO3, AlCl3, Li3N, BaSO4, Zn, Mg (NO3)2. .. -2 (: O +2F2 : H2O-12, K2O-12); H2CO3, O3, K2O, OF2, CuSO4, NaOH, O2, SO3. .. +1, -1: HCl, KH, H2, KOH, BaH2, H2O, H2SO4, NH3. 5. .. 0. |
4. .
. Al+3Br3 → (+3)∙1+x∙3=0; x=-1 → Al+3Br-13
) K3P ) NaCl ) Cl2O7.
5. :
) Na2S, Na3N, NaBr; MgCl2, MgS, Mg3N2; Al2S3, Al2O3;
) Na2O, NH3, NO2, N2O3, N2O5; SO3, SO2, H2S; Fe2O3, FeO.
- .
1. :
) CuSO4 + 2NaOH = Cu(OH)2 + NaSO4; ) CuSO4 + Fe = FeSO4 + Cu.
, .
, , __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __,
- __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __.
2. .
- ......
3. .
S0→ S-2
) - Fe+3.. → Fe+2 - ;
+
N02→ 2N-3
Al0→ Al+3
) - Fe0→ Fe+3 - .
-
H02→ 2H+1
, , , .
..
..
|
|
|
.
...
..
..
..
4. - .
, , : __ __ __ __.
) 2Al + 3CuSO4 = 3Cu + Al2(SO4)3
) MgCO3 = MgO + CO2A
) 2Fe + 3Cl2 = 2FeCl3
) P2O5 + 3H2O = 2H3PO4.A
) N2 + 3Mg = Mg3N2.
) NaCl + AgNO3 → AgCl + NaNO3..
) Zn + H2SO4 = ZnSO4 + H2...
- , .
5. , , . . .
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __, - __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. __ __ __ __ __,
- __ __ __ __.
( )
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __, - __ __ __ __ __
__ __ __ __ __ __. I __ __ __ __ __ __ __, VII - __ __ __ __.
.
1. , : N2 + H2 → NH3
| ( N2 +H2 → N3); |
| . N2 + H2 → NH3 , . , ( 2). , ( 2). . ( 1). |
2. - , .
) Zn + HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
.
) u + HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + NO2 + H2O
.
3. . , .
|
|
|
) Na + H2 → NaH ) Ca + N2 → Ca3N2
..
.. ....
) Al + O2 → Al2O3 ) P + O2 → P2O5
.. .
.. .
4. . , .
) NH3 + O2 → NO + H2O
) Al + I2 → AlI3
..
) O2 + Mg → MgO + C
..
) HNO3 + P + H2O → H3PO4 + NO2
..
) HCl + KMnO4 → Cl2 + KCl + MnCl2 + H2O
..
.
1. .
| NaCl (-) | |||
| NaCl () | |||
| NaOH (-) | |||
| NaOH () | |||
| HCl (-) | |||
| (-) | |||
| () | |||
| (-) |
2. .
- -
.. ..
.. ..
: :
.. ..
: :
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
3. ().
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. __ __ __ __ __ __.
4. .
.
..
5. .
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ () __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __.
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __.
6. .
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __,
. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __.
7. .
(-) (+)
( __ __ __ __ __ __ __ ) ←H + OH →
, ←K+ Cl- →
( __ __ __ __ __ __ ) . ←Cu2+ SO2-4→
8. .
