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Translate the following words and word combinations into Russian.

Palliative care

Part I

Palliative care (from Latin palliare, to cloak) is any form of medical care or treatment that concentrates on reducing the severity of disease symptoms, rather than striving to halt, delay, or reverse progression of the disease itself or provide a cure. The goal is to prevent and relieve suffering and to improve quality of life for people facing serious, complex illness. Non-hospice palliative care is not dependent on prognosis and is offered in conjunction with curative and all other appropriate forms of medical treatment.

In the United States, a distinction is made between general palliative care and hospice care, which delivers palliative care to those at the end of life; the two aspects of care share a similar philosophy but differ in their payment systems and location of services. Elsewhere, for example in the United Kingdom, this distinction is not operative: in addition to specialized hospices, non-hospice-based palliative care teams provide care to those with life-limiting illness at any stage of disease.

The term "palliative care" generally refers to any care that alleviates symptoms, whether or not there is hope of a cure by other means; thus, a recent WHO statement calls palliative care "an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problems associated with life-threatening illness." Palliative treatments may also be used to alleviate the side effects of curative treatments, such as relieving the nausea associated with chemotherapy.

The term "palliative care" is increasingly used with regard to diseases other than cancer such as chronic, progressive pulmonary disorders, renal disease, chronic heart failure, HIV/AIDS, and progressive neurological conditions. In addition, the rapidly growing field of pediatric palliative care has clearly shown the need for services geared specifically for children with serious illness.

Although the concept of palliative care is not new, most physicians have traditionally concentrated on trying to cure patients. Treatments for the alleviation of symptoms were viewed as hazardous and seen as inviting addiction and other unwanted side effects.

The focus on a patient's quality of life has increased greatly during the past twenty years. In the United States today, 55% of hospitals with more than 100 beds offer a palliative-care program, and nearly one-fifth of community hospitals have palliative-care programs. A relatively recent development is the concept of a dedicated health care team that is entirely geared toward palliative treatment: a palliative-care team.

Part II

There is often confusion between the terms hospice and palliative care. In the United States, hospice services and palliative care programs share similar goals of providing symptom relief and pain management. Non-hospice palliative care is appropriate for anyone with a serious, complex illness, whether they are expected to recover fully, to live with chronic illness for an extended time, or to experience disease progression. In contrast, although hospice care is also palliative, the term hospice applies to care administered towards the end of life.

While palliative care may seem to offer an incredibly broad range of services, the goals of palliative treatment are extremely concrete: relief from suffering, treatment of pain and other distressing symptoms, psychological and spiritual care, a support system to help the individual live as actively as possible, and a support system to sustain and rehabilitate the individual's family.

Usually a team of experts, including palliative care doctors, nurses and social workers, provides this type of care. Chaplains, massage therapists, pharmacists, nutritionists and others might also be part of the team. Typically, you get non-hospice palliative care in the hospital through a palliative care program. Working in partnership with your primary doctor, the palliative care team provides:

Expert treatment of pain and other symptoms

Close, clear communication

Help navigating the healthcare system

Guidance with difficult and complex treatment choices

Detailed practical information and assistance

Emotional and spiritual support for you and your family

Translate the following words and word combinations into Russian.

any form of medical care or treatment, reducing the severity of disease symptoms; to improve quality of life for people facing serious, complex illness; curative forms of medical treatment, a distinction is made, delivers palliative care to those at the end of life, with life-limiting illness at any stage of disease, whether or not there is hope of a cure by other means, life-threatening illness, to alleviate the side effects, with regard to diseases, geared specifically for children, inviting addiction, dedicated health care team, to sustain and rehabilitate the individual's family.

3. Find English equivalents in the text:

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .

4. Find the matches between figures and letter:

1) addiction a) depending on chance; risky
2) palliative care b) a secondary and usually adverse effect
3) cure c) suitable for a particular person, condition, occasion, or place; fitting
4) hazardous d) a state in which the body relies on a substance for normal functioning
5) pain management e) to bring back to normal position or condition
6) side effect f) a health specialist who devotes professional activity to food and nutritional science, preventive nutrition, diseases related to nutrient deficiencies
7) to alleviate g) an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness
8) nutritionist h) to make (as suffering) more bearable
9) to recover i) the discipline concerned with the relief of pain
10) appropriate j) restoration of health; recovery from disease

 

5. Answer the questions to the text:

1. What is palliative care?

2. What is the goal of palliative care?

3. What is the difference between palliative care and hospice care?

4. What services does palliative care offer?

5. What specialists provide this type of care?

 


1. Read the text using the vocabulary and express the main idea of the text in Russian:


bereaved ,

dignity

divergent ,

facility

medieval

nursing care

persuade ,

request

revive , ,

sanctuary , ,

terminal ,

wayfarer ,

 


Hospice and Home care

Part I

The hospice movement has been developed to serve older persons and others in need of a particular level of medical and nursing care. In ancient times, hospices were a sanctuary for the poor wayfarer, and medieval hospices were operated by religious orders. Hospices have been revived today as care facilities for the dying and their families. Patients are admitted to the facility at the request of their doctor. They generally have one of several diseases with a terminal prognosis, some to stay, some to return home again, and some who improve to be returned to a treatment hospital. All patients receive personal care. Bereaved families are supported by visits from the staff and volunteers.

The hospice is actually a flexible concept which can fit into many settings. Some hospices today function in an established hospital setting, while others have independent inpatient facilities or are affiliated with some other community service. Many offer home care and bereavement services. Two divergent types of hospice seem to be developing: 1) independent and heavily volunteer hospices with unstable funding; and 2) institutionally based hospices providing both inpatient and home care.

Part II

The Aim of Hospices

The purpose of hospices is to care for and support patients and their family and friends.

There are 3 main aims of hospice care:

1. To relieve pain. Today it is thought it is not necessary for terminally ill patients to die in pain. Hospices specialize in pain control. Hospice staff believe all pain, however severe can be brought under control.

2. To help patients, friends and relatives face up to death. Although many hospices are Christian foundations, no attempt is made to persuade patients to become Christians. Opportunities are given to the patients and to family members to discuss death and dying.

3. To care for the emotional needs of friends and family. Hospices help families cope with bereavement before, during and after the death of their relative.

The hospice movement believes that the patient is still living and should be encouraged to have a life while they are dying. In a hospital, the patient wouldn't be given the personal care he/she would receive in a hospice. In a hospice, hair dressers come in, patients can have manicures. They are encouraged to get dressed and get up rather than stay in bed. The first time a patient may only stay for a couple of weeks to give their carers a rest or to sort out the correct pain relief. As the illness progresses, he/she might stay for longer. If they wish to die at home, nurses attached to the hospice can often support patients at home.

Many who do not support euthanasia believe that hospices allow people to die with dignity. If the pain is kept under control the individual can live well up to the moment they die. Many Christians support the hospice movement and believe that if there were enough spaces available for all who wished to go there, that euthanasia would not be needed.

2. Answer the questions to the text:

1. When and how were hospices developed?

2. What are hospices today?

3. What two types of hospices exist?

4. What are the aims of hospices?

5. What services do hospices provide?

 

3. Make a summary of the text using the following phrases:

I believe that...

I am sure...

I do not think that...

I am not sure that...

As far as I know...

It seems likely/unlikely that...

I`d like to note...

I`d like to stress the fact that...

 

 


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