.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


 

, t- 9.1.1 t, . ( , , n-1.) , 95% n = 23, t = 1,717. 99,9% = 35 t = 3,348.

:

95% ,

- t.

95% ,

+ t.

, , , . ( , .) , ( , ), , ( , ), .

. 9.4.1 , - .

90% .
95% ,
95% ,

 

 


. 9.4.1. . , . , 95% 90% .

. , ( ), . , , 19,0, , 8,26, , 2,81 35,2, , 5,41. , 5,41, , , 2,81. , .

 

.

 

, , . , . , .

? , , , . , , .

? , , , . : " 95% , ...".

n = 18 = $39,21 =$6,40 ,

- t. =39,21 (1,740)(6,40) = 28,07.

.

95% , , $28,07 .

, = $39,21, . , = $39,21 , $28,07. . .

, t-. , 99% t = 2,567. 95% , .

99% , $22,78 .

 

 

, . , . , . , , = S / ( ), S .

 

, , . , . , 1,...,. , .

, .. . : . (1 +1/ ).

S

S . , ( S) ( = S / ).

, , . t - (, ). ; , , .

:

95% ,

-tS + tS

 

95%? , : , , , . , 95% , . , , , , , . , , 95% ( ).

 

.

 

? , , , , , . , .

: " ". , , :

10, 9, 7, 10, 3, 9, 12, 5

= 8,125 S = 2,94897. = 1,04262, . .

=S = 2,94897 = 3,12786.

95% t - n = 8 t = 2,365.

8,125-(2,365) (3,12786) = 0,728

8,125+(2,365) (3,12786) = 15,52.

, . 8 " " . .

" 95% , 0,7 15,5 .

? . 8 . , .

, , , t = 1,895, 95% .

 

+ t.( ) = 8,125 + (1,895)(3,12786) = 14,05229.

.

95% , 14 .

90% , ( t = 1,415) :

+ t.( ) = 8,125 + (1,415)(3,12786) = 12,55092.

.

90% , 12,6 .



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