Характерные для статей исследовательского типа
1. The observation that... has never been made; it is generally assumed that...; to explain smth in terms of...; I will disregard these cases; as appears from the examples; to render the function of; the expression... can be used in a number of different sentences, etc.
2. This paper concentrates on the aspect of...; this paper will provide a tentative answer...; I will show directly; now let us turn to...., etc.
3. Our present evidence has come from unexpected sources; many writes seem to have assume that...; if I understand them correctly; all accept that...; B. and A. Are more explicit on the point; the examples given by L. suggest that...; etc.
4. The present paper attempts to remedy this lack; I shall be concerned for the most part with...; this problem does not seem to arise in an acute form in dealing with..., etc.
5. These examples illustrate further...; consider again examples; on this evidence we can establish that; however, an explanation suggests itself; for maintaining this...; it is scarcely possible, for instance, that...; one type of case remains to be accounted for; this paper focused in part on examples like...; etc.
6. The point I would like to make is this; this hypothesis receives additional support from...; here the event described in... is normally interpreted...; etc.
7. In this paper I have limited myself to a study of...; I have not tackled the much wider problems of...; to recapitulate, etc.
Некоторые ключевые слова,
Характерные для статей дискуссионного типа
1. The terms “...” can be handled in the two different ways; one can treat smth as...; one can also go into the question of how...; the discrepancy between smth and smth; unlike B. and C. I shall assume; the two approaches should not conflict with each other; the view that... has never been seriously challenged; there has been some discussion to what arrears to be a serious gap in literature on...; His argument is based on; in the recent article A. calls into question; the argument is based on; the last point leads A. to conclude that...; etc.
2. I should like to emphasize two points with respect to this purpose; in a discussion which follows; S. treats... in terms of...; linguistic approaches to … concur with...; to clarify the difference in meaning; to highlight a distinction between smth and smth; to point out that... is misleading; H. equates smth with smth, etc.
3. Let us consider the following; on the contrary, that discovery would entitle us to accept...; I will begin by concentrating on...; there is plenty of evidence of...; a sample of the possible arguments; beyond any doubt that; a number of points call for discussion concerning...; their differences, however, far outweigh their similarity; what I do not accept is...; H. makes a point with which I agree that...; as argued before; apart from the fact that; the point of the argument in this selection is...; it stands to resin that...; I would like to make three observations on A.’s argument, etc.
4. Our first set of examples will illustrate that...; I don’t think I should end this paper without discussing the question of...; we can lock for an answer in two possible directions; this presents a serious problem for the second theory, less so for the first; notice two important points that...; this illustration and others that we have cited in this selection show clearly that...; the difference between...may be illustrated by the following contrast; may be exemplified by examining, etc.
5. The purpose of this article has been to argue two points; the conclusion is that both theories appear to have their merits and their deficiencies; the following observations may well shed light on the problem; the conclusion will be unwellcomed by advocates of.
Некоторые ключевые слова,
характерные для статей обзорного типа
1. We shall consider /establish / assume / show..;.in the rest of article I will be concentrated on; the same observation can be made for; it is difficult to draw a line of demarcation between...; a certain amount of self – criticism and awareness of theoretical concepts...; I have these preliminary remarks by way of introduction to the topic at hand, etc.
2. As a criterion of; to accept the judgment as it is presented; my reasons for maintaining this are two; I would not accept B.’s view which seems to be based on am outdated notion...; within; I realize that a lot of scientists would not agree with... ascertain I am making now, etc.
3. We shall leave it for the reader to decide in favour of a particular theory; once we abandon the assumption that...; the main advantage of... is; it is now generally accepted by those...; the data from which these estimations are made are of the type commonly used in...; I would maintain the view...; etc.
4. None the less, scientists must come to terms with...; the macro – problem which I see here...; a... approach has proved valuable to...; etc.
