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.1

 

 

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

2

2.1

2.2

3

3.1

3.1.1

3.1.2

3.1.3

3.1.4

3.1.5

3.2

3.2.1

3.2.2

3.2.3

3.2.4

3.2.5

3.2.6

3.2.7

3.2.8

3.2.9

3.2.10

3.2.11

3.2.12

3.3

4

5

5.1

5.2

6

6.1

6.2

7

8 .

9

10

11


1959 Communications of the ACM[2], (Louis Fein) -, 1921 [3][ ]. , , , , . , : , , 1962[4].

( . Computer Science ), , , . [5]. (computing science), . (datalogy)[6], , , . , , (Datalogy) , 1969 , , (datalogy). . , (automatic information) ( informazione automatica -) (information and mathematics), , informatique (), Informatik (), informatica (, ), informática (, ), informatika ( ) pliroforiki (πληροφορική, ) . , , [7].

, , 1960- , [8]. . Informatik Informatik: Automatische Informationsverarbeitung (: ) 1957 [9]. informatique 1962 , .

- . 1962 - . 1965 , 1968 [10].

1966 [11]. . Informatik . , [8] [1] computer science, , , , , .

, informatics , computer science. , () , ( ) [1], information science.

, informatics . , Informatics Inc.. informatics (.) [12], (bioinformatics) (geoinformatics).

informatics computer science . Informatics Computer science [13].

( ) , . [en] , , [14]. [en], , () [15]. . ( , ), ( , ) ( () , , ( )[16].

. [17]:

1. - . - , - , , [18]. 1952 . ( ). , - . . ( ) . . ( ) : " ( ) [19]. (1970- .) , , , , [19].

2. ( ). 1976 . á . . . . , . Informatik , ̻[19]. Informatik . . . computer science , , , . , -, computer science ( ), [20].

3. , . 1990- . . . ( ) , . . . . , . . . : , , , , . , , : (1) ; (2) ; (3) , (4) (5) [21].

[17], .


.

, .

, . , , , .

, , 1642[22].

1673 , Stepped Reckoner[23]. , , () .

1820 [en] , , . , , 1822, , [en] [24].

1834 . , [25], [26]. 1843 , , , [27].

1885 , ; IBM. 1937 , , , IBM, [28] , ASCC/Harvard Mark I[en], , , , (central computing unit) , [29].

1940-, , , , ( computer )[30]. , , , . 1950- 1960- [31] [32]. , , 1953 . 1962 [33]. , .

, , 1950- [34]. IBM . IBM ( International Business Machines) IBM 704[35] IBM 709[36], , . , IBM () , [34]. 1950- , .

. : . . , .

1985 . . [37].

4 , 1948 [ ] 10 475 . . . . [38].

( ) . - , [39].

, . , , , , . , (17501850 . .) (8000-5000 . .).

:

, .

, , [40].

, [41].

[42].

, . , . , Folding@Home, .

, [43]. [44].

CGI , , , , -. , () CGI, , .

, , , , , ( , ), . , , , . SPICE, ( ) , .

, . (), -, . , .

. , [45][46]. CSAB[en], , (ACM) IEEE[en] (IEEE-CS)[47] , : , , , . , CSAB : , , , , , , , , , [45].

, , . , , , , , , ( ), .

[en], : ?[31] , . , . ; .

P=NP?, [48], .

P = NP? GNITIRW-TERCES

. . , , , [49].

( ) . , , , . .

, , .





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