(WAN, Wide Area Networks) . . .
(LAN, Local Area Networks) . .
.
, .. .
, .. . . (. 1.1). (), . . , . , , . (. 1.1) , , . . , .. . (). . , . , . (.1.1) , , . , . . , , .. - .
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2 .1 OSI
80- , ISO (International Organization of Standardization), , (Open System Interconnection). OSI : ,,,,, (Physical layer) . , , , , . , , , , . : 10Base-T Ethernet, 100 , RJ45, 100 .
(Data Link layer) . , . . , , , . , . , , . , . Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, 100 VG AnyLAN, PPP, SLIP, LAP-B, LAP- D.
: , , . (Network layer) , , , .
, . , . , , , . . : - ;- ; - , .(ARP -). IP TCP/ IP IPX Novell. (Transport layer) , . - , . , , . TCP TCP/ IP SPX Novell. (Session layer) . . , , . (Presentation layer) , . , . , , , . (Application layer) . , . , , , Web , ..
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, . .
. , .
, .
- (5- 60 ) , . . - ( 10 / ) .
.
, . , , .