..
. : .
: , , , .
, . , , . 70- . . , .
. , . . . , , , , . , , , . . XX . , -. .
, - , , . [16]. . , , . - , . .
|
|
. - [1], [6]. , . , -: (coloured), (negro) (black) , , , [20].
. : (conformists), (anomic), (liberal) (militant) [10]. . , , (sansei , ).
, , , . , , , , , , [16].
, , 60- . XX . . , . . - . -, , , , , [6].
- . [3] . [8]. - , , . , [17].
|
|
1970- . , . , /. . , .
. (Negro-to-black conversion experience) : (preencounter), (encounter), (immersion), (internalization). . [3].
. , - , , . , . , - , . , , .
. - [8]. - , , . - , , . - , , . , - . , .
, , . . , - , . - , .
, - , , . , . . [1] ( ). , ; . , , . , , : , , , , , . , , , . , , , .
|
|
. , . . . , , . , . , .
- , , .
, , . .
. .
, , , . , , , , , .
, . , . . , , , - , , , (. 1).
1
[1; 198]
1. | ||||
2. | - | , , | ||
3. | - | |||
4. | ||||
5. |
|
|
- : ; , , , . . -, . -, , , , . -, [3].
, -. , . [13]. . . . , -, - - , .
, , , , , . [1] , . , , [4]. ( . , . . ). , .
[4]. , , , ( ) . , , . , , . , , , , . , [1], [4], [7].
|
|
, (-) [18]. , , , , .. . [15] , . , ( ), ( ), ( ). .
, . , . , , , , . . , [18].
-, . [9]. . . , [5]. . , - , , , , , , . . , . , . . , , , , . . , , . . . , , . . . , , , , . , , , , , . , , , . , (. 2).
, , , , , , . , , , . , . ( ) , .
2
[16; 427]
- [9; 2946] | / | - | ||
- [12;34-49], [14; 61-79] | , | |||
- [4], [7] | / | / | ||
- [1], [19] |
, . , . . -, , [12]. , . , , , , [16]. : . , , - , . , . , . , [16]. ( ), [4], [7]. , - . . . . , , . : , , , , , , . . , [4; 201].
( ) ( ) , , , : [9], [12], [1], / [4], [7]. : , ; ; .
: , , , , , . , . , .
. . , [1], [4].
, .. , , , . . , , , .
*******************************************
1. Atkinson D.R., Marten G., Sue D.W. Counseling american minorities: A cross-cultural perspective. Dubuque, Iowa: Wm.C. Brown Publ., 1979.
2. Crawford T.J., Naditch M. Relative deprivation, powerlessness and militancy: The psychology of social protest // Psychiatry. 1970. N 33. P. 208-223.
3. Cross W.E. The negro-to-black conversion experience // Black World. 1971. N 20. P. 13-27.
4. Cross W. Shades of black: Diversity in african-american identity. Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press, 1991.
5. Erikson E. Identity, jouth and crisis. N.Y.: W.W. Norton, 1968.
6. Hall W.S., Cross W.E., Freedle R. Stages in the development of a black identity. Iowa City, Iowa: Research and Devel. Division; Am. College Testing Program, 1972.
7. Helms J. Black and white racial identity: Theory, research and practice. N.Y.: Greenwood Press, 1990.
8. Jackson B. Black identity development // MEFORM: J. Educ. Diversity and Innovation. 1975. N 2. P. 19-25.
9. Marcia J. Identity and psychotherapy // Archer S.L. (ed.) Interventions for adolescent identity development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1994. P. 29-46.
10. Maykovich M.K. Political activation of Japanese American jouth // J. Soc. Issues. 1973. N 29 (2). P. 167-185.
11. Maykovich M.K. Japanese American identity dilemma. Tokyo: Waseda Univ. Press, 1972.
12. Phinney J. Stages of ethnic identity development in minority group adolescents // J. Early Adolescence. 1989. N 9. P. 34-49.
13. Phinney J., Alipuria L. Ethnic identity in college students from four ethnic groups // J. Adolescence. 1990. N 13. P. 71-184.
14. Phinney J. A Three-stage model of ethnic identity development // Bernal M.E., Knidth G.P.
(eds.) Ethnic identity: Formation and transmission among hispanics and other minorities. Albany, NY: State Univ. of N.Y. Press, 1993. P. 61-79.
15. Phinney J. et al. Ethnic identity and American identification among ethnic minority adolescents // Bouvy A.-M. et al. (eds.) Journeys into cross-cultural psychology: Selected papers from the eleventh International conf. of the International Association for cross-cultural psychology held in Liege, Belgium. Amsterdam: Swets & Zeitlinger, 1994. P. 167-183.
16. Phinney J.S., Kohatsu E.L. Ethnic and racial identity development and mental health // Health risks and developmental transitions during adolescence. Cambridge: Cambr. Univ. Press, 1997.
17. Sherif M., Sherif C. Black unrest as a social movement toward an emerging self identity // J. Soc. and Behav. Sci. 1970. N 15. P. 41-52.
18. Stonequist E. The problem of the marginal man // Am. J. Sociology. 1935. N 41. P. 1-12.
19. Sue D. W., Sue D. Counseling the culturally different: Theory and practice. N.Y.: J. Wiley & Sons, 1999.
20. Vontress C.E. Racial differences: Impediments to rapport // J. Counseling Psychol. 1971. N 18 (1). P. 7-13.