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1. . . . s.
2. . . 3. .
4. : , . .
5. - : Simple (Present, Past, Future), Progressive (Present, Past, Future), Perfect (Present, Past, Future) . .
6. : ; . there is/ are.
SHOPS AND SHOPPING
1. When we want to buy some goods, we go to the shop where it is sold. Before going shopping we make a list of items that we require. We can go to a big department store which sells a variety of goods and has a large selection, to a supermarket or to one of the numerous small retail shops.
2. Ham, bacon, sugar, tea, coffee, salt, pepper and so on are sold at the grocer's. Bread is sold at the baker's, meat at the butcher's, vegetables at the greengrocer's, and fruit at the fruiterer's. We go to the confectioner's for cakes and sweets.
We buy clothes at the men's and boys' or ladies' and girls' outfitter's. When we want to buy boots and shoes we go to the boot and shoe shop. To buy silver and gold jewellery or gold watches we go to the jeweller's. We buy books at the bookseller's. People like to buy brand-new goods.
3. Supermarkets are very popular with shoppers because they sell not only food, but also ready-made clothes, hosiery (socks, stockings, tights), toys and other goods.
Wholesalers sell to the shops and stores, and the retailers sell to the customers who purchase or buy. Second-hand shops sell second-hand goods.
The shoppers may pay for something by cheque, in cash or buy it on "hire purchase". To do this, they pay a deposit and then weekly or monthly installments according to the terms.
4. Behind the counter, ready to serve you is the shopkeeper, or shop-assistant or salesman (salesgirl). They put your money in a cash register, give you a receipt and your change, and wrap up the article purchased. You may get some goods free (e.g. free samples of shampoo, etc.).
In some shops there are no salesmen or salesgirls, but only cashiers. The customers choose the goods they want and pay at the cashdesk. These shops are called selfservice shops.
But in selfservice shops there are sometimes people who do not pay for the things they have taken from the shelves. Security measures and electronic gadgets are installed to prevent and detect shop-lifting (stealing). Many stores install camera scanners, which are quite effective.
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5. Many women prefer to shop in the market where goods are usually cheaper. The owners of the stalls or barrows do not have such large expenses as a shop owner. There we see people with carrier-bags, baskets, parcels, and as well as with the caddies.
6. People who cannot afford the things they want (e.g. haven't got money to be blown on something expensive), or who haven't enough money in the household budget, go window-shopping. Some people simply enjoy it and spend their spare time window-shopping. Sometimes, however, people have to dig into their pockets to buy the thing they like best.
7. When we buy something, we pay for it with money-banknote or coins. Cheques, bankers cards and credit cards are being used increasingly and it is possible to imagine a world where 'money' in the form of coins and paper currency will no longer be used. Even today, in the United States, many places especially filling stations - will not accept cash at night for security reasons.
Words and Word Combinations
to shop
to go window shopping -
the grocer's -
the greengrocer's -
the fruiterer's -
the baker's -
the butcher's -
the confectioner's -
a selfservice shop -
hosiery - -
socks -
stockings
the men's and boys' outfitters
to serve
to serve customers -
a department store
a stall
a market
a fair
an exhibition -
sale , ;
wholesale
retail
a buyer
a counter
to sell
to pay cash
to pay a deposit
an installment -
to purchase
a carrier-bag ,
a caddy
expensive -
to prevent and detect shop-lifting (stealing)
security measures -
for security reasons
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1
I. , -, - . .
1. My friend speaks English very well.
2. She has just come home.
3. Did you go to the cinema yesterday?
4. The secretary is answering urgent messages at the moment.
5. He will translate this text tomorrow.
6. The director was having talks at 9 oclock.
7. After we had discussed everything we went to the restaurant.
