8.
) , . :
1. What do we call technology?
2. Does technology affect our life?
3. How does technology develop nowadays?
4. Is technology a part of our life?
5. What helps us make our life easier?
6. We cannot stop technological development, can we?
7. In what way does technology affect the environment?
8. What kind of job do you think you would like?
9. Isn't it interesting to study how technology develops?
10. Are you a technologically-minded person or a socially-minded one?
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| Indirect questions |
| Negative questions |
) , ' :
| Yes / No questions | |||||
| Wh-questions (information | |||||
| questions) | QUESTIONS | ||||
| Subject-questions | |||||
| / | \ |
| Tag questions |
Alternative questions
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9. ) :
Question words
| WHEN | Whendid you call him? Whenwill she come? | Yesterday. Next week. | |
| WHERE | Whereis my bag? Wherecan I find a pen? | On the table. In that drawer. | ̳ |
| WHY | Whyaren't you coming with us? Whydid he leave so early? | I am tired. To catch the last train. | / |
| HOW | Howdoes he drive? Howdid you get there? | Carefully. By car. | |
| How muchmoney do you need? How manypeople came to the party? | Twenty dollars Twenty five. | ʳ: how much + - ; how many + | |
| How oldare you? | Thirty five. | ³ how + () / ³ | |
| How coldis it? | Twelve below zero. | ||
| How sooncan you get here? | In 20 minutes. | ||
| How fastwere you driving? | 80 kilometers an hour. | ||
| How longhas he been here? | Three months. | ||
| How oftendo you write her? | Every month. | ||
| How faris it to Kyiv from here? | 300 kilometers. | ||
| WHO | Whocame to see you? Who knowsanything about this deal? | My children. I do. | 'Who' , 䳺 3- , |
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 |  | ||||
 |
| have two pens. Which pen do you want? Which one do you want? Which do you want? Which countries did he visit? |
| 'Which' 'what', |
| The blue one. |
| 1 WHOM j Who(m)did you see 1 there? | saw Nick. | 'Whom' 䳺 . 'who' . 'Whom' . ! | |||
| jWho(m) should talk to? | My assistant. |
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| ___ |
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| Peru and Chile. |
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'what' 'which'
| What countries did he visit? |
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) , :
1. Millions of people all over the world work in technology - related
careers.
2. Technology started over 2 million years ago.
3. Technology is changing and growing very quickly,
4. You can have more creative ideas if you open your mind to new
things.
5. A technologically literate person can put technology to use to
solve problems.
6. A problem - solving strategy can make it easier to solve the
problem.
7. Learning about technology is fast - paced, exciting, challenging
and fun.
8. There is a good chance that the career you choose will involve
technology in some way.
9. Technicians use problem - solving steps in jobs that produce or
transport products, communicate messages and research ideas.
10. Technology is causing changes in our everyday lives.
10.
) :
- product, to produce, production, productivity, producer;
- to create, creative, creature, creativity, creation, creativeness,
creatively;
- to challenge, a challenge, challenging, challenger;
- technology, technological, technical, technician;
- science, scientist, scientific, scientifically;
- to invent, invention, inventor;
- computer, computerize, computerization, computation, to compute;
- to define, definition, definite, indefinite, definitely;
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- advance, advancement, to advance,
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11. , ' .
1 What Is Technology?
You live in a high-tech world. Tech is short for technology. Is technology robots, satellites, lasers, and computers? Or is it tools such as saws and hammers? All of these are products of technology, but technology is a lot more! Technology is a combination of people like you, your ideas, and the tools you will use to solve problems. It involves both thinking and doing. Technology is fast-paced, exciting, challenging, and fun! As you learn about technology you will be:
Using knowledge from science, math, and other subjects to solve
problems.
Designing, inventing, and making things using your creative
ideas.
Building things such as products, houses, bridges, and devices
that people have created to make life easier.
You can see that technology has many different definitions. Most definitions agree that technology is the use of knowledge, tools, and resources to help people. You will probably come up with your own definition of technology after working with it for a while.
Because technology deals with people and the environment, you need to know how technology affects you. A person who understands the effects of technology is technologically literate. If you are technologically literate, you will be able to make decisions about your future and technology based on facts. As a technologically literate person, you will be able to:
- See how technology has changed through time.
- Think through a problem and come up with an answer.
- Decide whether a technology is good or bad for people or for the
environment.
- Understand the newest uses of technology.
- Use the tools of technology to solve problems.
The effects of technology are not always good for society or for the environment. Some advancements in technology have caused environmental problems such as acid rain. Other technologies are being developed to help solve those problems. Let's find out more about technology.
12.
) , 1:
1. Technology includes not only advanced devices and processes.
2. Products of technology are knowledge and ideas.
3. Technology is a combination of science, math and other subjects.
4. Technology affects people and the environment.
5. If you understand how technology changes people and the
environment, are able to find an answer to a technical problem
you are considered technologically literate.
6. All technological discoveries and inventions are good for people.
7. You do not need to be creative to achieve good results in
technology.
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17. , , 1, , , ?
1. ÿ , ' , :
add, mean, start, ciub, ax, stone, age, bone, word, food, fire, mix, tin,
strong, skill, meet, need.
2. . :
factory, different, divide, kind, useful, bronze, recent, animal,
weapons, gather, discover, copper.
, , :
combine, machine, percent, real, prehistoric, material, organize,
history, period, method, industrial, agricultural, start, rapid.
4, ' :
| iron | ||
| copper | ||
| tin | ||
| percent | ||
| to discover | , | |
| , | ||
| alloy | ||
| instead of | ||
| either...or | , | , |
| ... | ... | |
| gatherer farmer really prehistoric cutting expensive movable printing combination definition |
| hard | , | , |
| strong | , | , |
| to prefer | ||
| edge | , | , |
| to cut | ||
| ore | ||
| expensive | ||
| powder | ||
| steam | ||
| engine | ||
| to pump | ||
| craft | ||
| recent | ||
| age | , , | , |
| to overlap | ||
| skill | ||
| pace | , | , |
| jet | , | , |
| brief | , |
5. . . :
over 90 percent, to meet the changing needs, throw away, to take a brief look at, through the ages, prehistoric people, to work on different materials, time period, to base on, a strong metal, to mix copper with tin, a cutting edge, to hold a cutting edge, hard metal, iron ore, to move ahead, to stay the same, to be ahead of other people, steam engine, to pump water out of coal mines, steam was put to use in 1712, instrument, craft people, workshop, to live off the land, rapid growth, at the same pace, to set up factories, to move away from farms.
6. , .
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use useful
herd herder
together
farm
real
historic
cut
spend
move
combine
define
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1. large - larger - lai
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V 3. ( ) ^0<?. - better - best
well
| many much little few |
- more - most
- less - least
a - worse - worst
badly
far - farther - farthest (further) - (furthest)
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short, fast, exciting, simple, useful, important, strong, good, hard, isolated, cheap, early, easy.
 |
8. , :
1. Technology is changing faster and faster all the time.
2. The more new ideas and inventions appear, the faster technology
development is.
3. During the Industrial Revolution technological inventions
brought more changes that affected the society than during all
the previous periods.
4. Metallurgy is one of the oldest of arts but one of the youngest
of sciences.
5. One of the most important properties of metals is their ability
to combine with other elements in stable solid mixtures known
as alloys.
6. Ferrous metals are used more often than non-ferrous metals.
7. Did you know that the highest wind speed ever recorded on
earth was 231 miles per hour?
9.
) ,
:
1. Bronze was stronger than either copper or tin.
2. Bronze could be used to make better tools and weapons.
3. In the Iron Age people preferred iron because it was harder and
held a cutting edge better than bronze.
4. With the use of iron, more tools developed faster.
5. With new inventions and machines, people set up factories that
could produce things cheaper and faster.
6. During the Bronze Age people learned how to mix copper with
tin to make a stronger metal called bronze.
7. When these people combine their ideas, we shall have even more
new machines and tools.
) ,
:
1. Tech is (short) for technology.
2. In our days technology changes (fast).
3. As a technologically literate person, you will be able to understand
the (new) uses of technology.
4. The effects of technology are not always (good) for society or
for the environment.
5. You must decide whether a technology is (good) or (bad) for
people or for the environment.
6. (Many) definitions agree that technology is the use of knowledge
and tools to help people.
7. Let's find out (much) about technology.
10. . :
1. Rock, wood, animal bones, plants or other natural materials were
known to Stone Age people.
2. All the facts known to people today are called our knowledge
base.
3. Because the knowledge base is so large and is growing so rapidly,
it is important for you to learn where and how information can
be found.
4. Only natural materials were used by prehistoric people.
5. If you have steps to follow in trying to solve a problem, getting
an answer will be made easier.
6. Once a problem solving strategy has been worked out, it can be
used to solve all kinds of problems.
7. Most of the time the problems which are being solved in
technology are very complicated.
8. Many of the latest technological developments are connected
with computers.
9. Very often prehistoric people are considered not very smart,
but they were able to use the technology of their day very well.
10. Drawings were used by prehistoric people to communicate with each other.
11. , 䳺:
| INDEFINITE | CONTINUOUS | PERFECT | |
| PRESENT | |||
| PAST | |||
| FUTURE |
12. 11, :
1. These periods are based on the kinds of materials people used.
2. Iron is still used in industry today.
3. Over 90 percent of all technologies were invented in the last 25
or 30 years.
4. An alloy is made when two or more metals are mixed together.
5. Products were made in homes rather than factories during this
period.
6. Several scientific instruments were invented during the period
of Industrial Revolution.
7. Recent history is divided into ages.
8. Prehistoric times are described by the materials people used.
9. Other technologies are being developed nowadays.
10. Bronze was stronger than either copper or tin and it could be used to make better tools and weapons.
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. , ' :
2 Technology Growing Fast!
Technology is changing faster and faster all the time. As the population grows, more people are adding more new ideas and inventing more new tools. When these people combine their ideas, we have even more new machines and tools. Over 90 percent of all technologies we have today were invented in the last 25 or 30 years. That means that technology is causing lots of change very fast.
When did technology start? Many people think that technology started in the 1700s when factories began to make things. But technology really began many thousands of years ago. Prehistoric people used simple tools such as clubs and axes made of stone to work on different materials.
One way to organize history is to divide the past into time periods. These periods are based on the kinds of materials people used. This method is useful because people develop new technologies to meet their changing needs. But they don't throw away the old technology; they build on it. Let's take a brief look at technology through the ages. - The Stone Age (2,000,000 b.c. to 3,000 b.c.)
During the Stone Age, prehistoric people used tools made mostly
of stone, animal bones, and wood. The tools were important to
them as weapons or for gathering food. Prehistoric people also discovered uses for fire. The Bronze Age (3000 b.c. to 1200 b.c.)
During the Bronze Age, people learned how to mix copper with tin to make a stronger metal called bronze. Bronze is an alloy. An alloy is made when two or more metals are mixed together. Bronze was stronger than either copper or tin, and it could be used to make better tools and weapons.
- The Iron Age (1200 b.c. to a.d. 500)
People started to make their tools from iron instead of bronze. They preferred iron because it was harder and held a cutting edge better than bronze. Iron ore was also easy to find and less expensive. With the use of iron, more tools developed faster. Iron is still used in industry today.
- The Pre-Industrial Revolution (a.d. 500 to 1750)
There were very few changes in science and technology during the first part of this time period. People around the world did not advance from one stage of technology to the next at the same pace. People in some parts of the world moved ahead, while others stayed the same. Some people remained hunters and gatherers while others became farmers and herders. For example, the Chinese were ahead of other people in technology because they had gunpowder, the compass, and movable type for printing. Today there are a few isolated places where people are still living in the Stone Age. During the second part of the Pre-Industrial Revolution, technology and science became important. For example, steam was first put to use in 1712 by Thomas Newcomen. He made a steam engine to pump water out of coal mines. Products were made in homes rather than factories during this period. Several important scientific instruments such as the microscope were invented. This is when scientists started using the scientific method to find answers.
