Front vowels
[J]
Spelling
‑ e ‑ he, she, me, meter, complete
‑ ee ‑ see, meet, beef
‑ ea ‑ sea, tea, beat, leak
‑ ie ‑ piece, niece, brief
‑ ei ‑ seize, ceiling, receive, conceive
‑ i ‑ machine, fatigue
Also: key, quay [ki:], people
Monosyllabic words
each, eel, east, peal, peach, peak, be, beam, beak, tea, teen, deem, deal, niece, lea, leave, leap, see, seen, zeal, seek, feel, feast, veal, week, weep, weave, wheeze, key, gee [GJ], gene, cheat, cheap, cheek, she, sheep, heel, heat, reel, reach, clean, please, three, grief, green, yeast
The Positional Length
Eeveeat
peapeaspeace
bee-beadbeat
me-meal-meat
tea-team-teeth
D-deal-deep
knee-need-neat
lea-lead-leak
sea-seed-seat
fee-feed-feet
free-freed-freak
we-wheel-wheat
he-heed-heap
key-keel-keep
she-sheen-sheep
Polysyllabic words
Stressed position
epoch, equal, evening, eavesdrop, fever, teacher, leader, creature, dreamer, recent, chieftain, seizure, seaside, teapot, peacock, sweetheart, 'pretext, meantime, eagerness, frequency, scenery;
indeed, succeed, appeal, machine, complete, repeat, police, agree, trustee,
refugee ["refjV'GJ], employee ["emplOI'J]
Unstressed position
sunbeam, latchkey, colleague, series, herpes, mouthpiece, linseed, Sub-dean, deadbeat, buckwheat, mincemeat, gangrene, hygiene, masterpiece, imbecile, obsolete, submarine, pedigree, jubilee
Words with [J] ‑ [I]
indeed, esteem, fifteen, degree, between, secret, teaching, beating, feeling, meaning, meeting, reading, eating, stealing, being, thesis, evening, besiege, beseech, believe, sealskin, steamship, intrigue, extremely
[I]
Spelling
‑ i ‑ fit, pin, kill, live, mirror
‑ y ‑ symbol, system, nymph
‑ e ‑ effect, enable, elastic, before, decide, because
‑ a ‑ village, cabbage, delicate
‑ ai ‑ captain, mountain, fountain
‑ ui ‑ guild, build, guinea
Also: busy ['bIzi], minute ['mInIt], forehead ['fLrId], college ['kPlIG]
Monosyllabic words
it, ill, itch, pill, pit, big, miss, milk, myth, tit, tick, till, did, disk, list, lick, lip, flit, sip, six, film, fist, fifth, vint, Vic, wish, wind, wink, with, hill, hitch, kiss, kick, king, give, shift, shin, chin, chick, thin, thing, think, rib, spring
The Positional Length
isinif
pigpinpick
bid-bill-bit
mid-mill-mist
tig-tin-tip
dig-din-Dick
nig-nil-knit
lid-limb-lit
fib-fin-fit
wig-win-wick
his-him-hiss
kid-kill-kit
gig-gild-gift
chisel-chill-chip
rid-ring-wrist
Polysyllabic words
Stressed position
visit, city, ditty, busy, kitchen, finish, living, printing, whiskey, winter, history, institute, district, chimney, victory, mystery, interesting, infinitive, indifferent, indignity, submit
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Unstressed position
itself, involve, begin, exactly, example, excuse, electric, eleven, enough, escape, invite, mistake, important, direct, discuss, behind, before, decide, devoid, fetches, busses, bushes, ended, shouted, rested, profit, promise, nothing, worship, unit, practice, office, artist, pocket, basket, actress, voiceless, forest
Opposition [J] ‑ [I]
eat-it
each-itch
ease-is
peak-pick
deed-did
seat-sit
keel-kill
feel-fill
leap-lip
sheep-ship
feast-fist
team-Tim
beach-bitch
heel-hill
heap-hip
fees-fizz
wheel-will
weep-whip
jean-gin
bean-bin
read-rid
cheap-chip
meek-Mitch
cheek-chick
week-wick
neat-knit
keen-kin
seek-sick
dean-din
wheat-wit
Positional length (in oppositions)
leave-live-leaf-cliff
bead-bid-beat-bit
heed-hid-heat-hit
lead-lid-leap-lip
deem-dim-deep-dip
reed-rid-reach-rich
peal-pill-peach-pitch
seen-sin-seek-sick
[e]
Spelling
‑ e ‑ get, bed, text, ferry, terror
‑ a ‑ ate, any, many
‑ ea ‑ deaf, ready, bread
Also: said, says, bury ['beri], Themes [temz]
Monosyllabic words
egg, end, edge, etch, pet, spell, bed, bend, best, mess, meant, tend, tense, tell, deck, deaf, death, nest, neck, leg, lend, left, send, says, zed, zest, felt, fence, vest, vend, vent, well, west, when, help, held, hedge, hence, kept, keg, get, guest, guess, shelf, chest, chess, check, jess, jet, theft, thread, threat, then, thence, red, rest, wreck, thresh, friend, breath, yell, yet, yes
The Positional Length
ebb-ell-ate
peg-pen-peck
beg-bell-beck
Ted-ten-text
dead-den-debt
Ned-Nell-net
said-sell-set
wed-well-wet
fed-fell-fetch
shed-shell-chef [Sef]
Polysyllabic words
Stressed position
effort, elbow, entry, errand, ever, essence, element, enemy, energy, editor, every, elephant, envelope, exercise, everybody, any, anything, ready, better, lemon, lesson, pepper, necessary, sentence, centre, lecture, pressure, recognize, breakfast, relative, weather, question, seminar;
e'ffect, e'lection, ex'ception, as'sembly, de'fence, im'pression, ex'tension, her'self, him'self
Unstressed position
'congress, 'prospect, 'sunset, 'protest, 'comment, 'architect, 'sequence, 'permanent
Opposition [I] ‑ [e]
pin-pen
pig-peg
bit-bet
bid-bed
pick-peck
sit-set
did-dead
tin-ten
till-tell
lid-led
lit-let
big-beg
bill-bell
bin-Ben
fin-fen
Nick-neck
miss-mess
him-hem
built-belt
win-when
wit-wet
mist-messed
spilt-spelt
since-sense
filled-felled
bitter-better
spilling-spelling
[x]
Spelling
‑ a ‑ sad, cat, ash, carry, parrot, arrow
Also: have [hxv], plaid [plxd]
Monosyllabic words
act, alb, apt, as, ass, pad, Pat, bad, bat, badge, match, mass, tag, tack, tact, stand, Dad, nag, nab, nap, lad, land, lass, sag, sack, sand, fag, fact, van, wax [wxks], hand, has, cad, cat, gas [gxs], gag, shag, sham, thatch, than, that, chap, jazz, Jack, rat, crab, crap, yak [jxk]
The Positional Length
add-Ann-at
bag-bang-back
mad-man-mat
Dad-dam-dash
tab-tan-tap
rag-ran-rack
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lag-lamb-lack
sad-Sam-sat
fad-fan-fat
has-ham-hat
cab-can-cap
Polysyllabic words
Stressed position
adder, affix, absent, acid, action, adverb, actress, atom, anger, aspect, analyze, attitude, appetite, agony, avenue, animal, accident, alibi ['xlIbaI],'accuracy;
manner, travel, jacket, ladder, fatter, happen, manage, racket, scandal, practice, chalice, chapter, fantasy, gallery, tragedy, camera, Saturday, passenger;
alack, adapt, attract, attack, exam, perhaps, hilarity, analogy, academy, reaction, fantastic, understand
Unstressed position
ambition [xm'bIS(q)n], ambassador [xm'bxsqdq], anxiety [xN'zaIqti], canteen [kxn'tJn], practitioner [prxk'tIS(q)nq], pragmatic [prxg'mxtIk], plantation [plxn'teISqn], placidity [plx'sIdIti], tranquility [trxN'kwIlIti], transcribe [trxn'skraIb], transform [trxns'fLm], translate [trxnz'leIt], transmit [trxns'mIt], taxi-cab ['txksikxb],
rucksack, ['rAksxk], asphalt ['xsfxlt]
Opposition [e] ‑ [x]
ate-at
ember-amber
mess-mass
merry-marry
dead-Dad
set-sat
said-sad
send-sand
beck-back
bed-bad
better-batter
blend-bland
guess-gas
neck-knack
hem-ham
head-had
fed-fad
fetter-fatter
pen-pan
pet-Pat
lend-land
letter-latter
led-lad
ketch-catch
kettle-cattle
ten-tan
then-than
wreck-rack
Front vowels ‑ oppositions
[J] [I] ‑ [e] ‑ [x]
eat-it-ate-at
peak-pick peck-pack
peat-pit-pet-Pat
peel-pill-pell-pal
bead-bid-bed-bad
beat-bit-bet-bat
beater-bitter-better-batter
wreak-rick-wreck-rack
Jean-Jim-gem-jam
feel-fin-fen-fan
meat-miss-mess-mass
teen-tin-ten-tan
dean-din-den-Dan
deed-did-dead-Dad
lead-lid-led-lad
seat-sit-set-sat
seed-Sid-said-sad
heed-hid-head-had
Back vowels
[H]
Spelling
‑ u ‑ June, rue, conclude, duty, tune
‑ oo ‑ too, soon, fool
‑ o ‑ do, who, prove
‑ ou ‑ soup, you, route
‑ ue ‑ true, due, Tuesday ['tjHsdeI]
‑ ew ‑ few, view
‑ ui ‑ suit, fruit
Also: beauty ['bjHti], shoe [SH]
Monosyllabic words
ooze [Hz], pool, spoon, booze, boot, move, moon, two, stool, tomb [tHm], do, doom, noon, blue, soon, soup [sHp], Zoo, fool, food, wound, whose, cool, coop, goose, shoes, shoot, chew [CH], June, rude, root, truth, mew, muse, hue, feud
Positional length
boo boon booth shoe shoes chute
moo mood moot Jew June juice
too tool tooth brew brood brute
glue lose loop rue rude roof
sou soothe sooth dew dues duke
who whom hoot sue sued suit
coo school coot you use (v.) [jHz] use (n.) [jHs]
Polysyllabic words
Stressed position
student, future, neutral, wounded, shooter, toothless, Tuesday, unit, union, useless, moody, music, coolness, stupid, stooping, humour, foolish, rumour, moonlight, unity, cucumber, feudalism, beautiful, numerous, screw-driver, rudiment, usually, supermarket;
re'view, pur'sue, sham'poo [Sxm'pH], ex'cuse, in'trude, im'prove, "after'noon
Unstressed position
u'nique, 'interview, 'avenue, 'institute, 'parachute, 'grape-fruit, 'horse-shoe, 'attitude
[V]
Spelling
‑ u ‑ put, full, bush, butcher
‑ oo ‑ book, took, foot, good
‑ ou ‑ could, should, would
‑ o ‑ wolf, bosom ['bVz(q)m], woman
Monosyllabic words
push, puss, book, bull, bush, took, nook, full, foot, wolf, would, hood, could, shook, rook, crook
Positional length
good could cook stood full took
hood pull hook would bull brook
should room shook wood wool ‑ foot
Polysyllabic words
Stressed position
bookcase, bully, bookish, bookworm, crooked ['krVkId], cuckoo ['kVkH], football, footstep, sugar, bullet, pudding, pulpit, pushing, goodness, woolen, umlaut ['VmlaVt], pussy-cat, cookery, sugary, rookery, bulletin ['bVlqtIn]
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Unstressed position
bouquet ['bVkeI], childhood, helpful, output, manhood, brushwood, helpful, handful, bedroom, bathroom, modulate ['mPdjVleIt], modulation ["mPdjV'leIS(q)n], regular, regulate, regulation
Opposition [H ‑ V]
pool pull soon wool
boom bull noon wood
fool full roof rook
stool stood womb woman
Positional length ‑ [H] [V] ‑ [H] ‑ [V]
brood bull boot brook
cooed could poop push
food full suit soot
two stood loop look
shoes should shoot shook
Words with [H] ‑ [V]
footrule ['fVtrHl], spoonful ['spHnfVl], poolroom ['pHlrVm]
[L]
Spelling
‑ or ‑ short, port, afford, force, more, before
‑ a ‑ hall, all, talk, false; war, water, quarter
‑ aw ‑ saw, paw, straw, hawk
‑ au ‑ cause, pause, caught, taught
‑ ou ‑ ought, thought, bought
‑ oor ‑ door, floor
‑ oar ‑ oar, hoarse, roar
‑ our ‑ your, four, pour, course
Also: broad [brLd], wrath [rLT]
Monosyllabic words
or, all, pore, pork, bore, born, ball, more, morn, tall, torch, draw, door, dawn, nor, north, lore, lord, saw, sword [sLd], fall, fort, warm, wall, walk, hall, horse, caw, corn, course, gore, gall, gorge, shore, short, thaw, thorn, chore, chalk, jaw, George, raw, broad, your
Positional length
or orb ought war ward wart
paw poured port core cord court
boar board bought score scorn scorch
tore torn taught thaw thawed thought
snore snored snort roar broad brought
sore sawed sort your yours York
four form ‑ fork
Polysyllabic words
Stressed position
autumn, author, August, alter, awful, audience, oral, order, orchard, orphan, daughter, morning, normal, sawdust, sportsman, forty, forward, walking, drawbridge, fortress, scorpion ['skLpIqn], laundry, lawsuit, horny, horseman, tawny, naughty, storey, vortex; organism, orchestra ['LkIstrq], ordinary, ornament, organize, strawberry, quarterly;
ac'cord, re'port, sup'port, re'porter, ap'plaud, ap'plause, im'portance
Unstressed position
al'ready, al'though [Ll'DqV], ordeal, au'xiliary [Lg'zIljqri], for'mation, for'mality, football, drugstore, bookstore, airport, outlaw, blackboard, sideboard,
'corridor ['kPrIdL], 'matador ['mxtqdL]
[P]
Spelling
‑ o ‑ lot, fog, cost, horrid, porridge, jolly, often, gone [gPn]
‑ a ‑ want, quality, squash, yacht [jPt]
‑ ou ‑, ‑ ow ‑ cough, knowledge
‑ au ‑ sausage ['sPsIG], Austria ['PstrIq], ['LstrIq]
Monosyllabic words
ox, mob, moss, smog, smock, spot, boss, bog, top, stock, don, dot, nog, knock, knob, lot, lob, fop, fond, watch, wash, squad, squat, hob, hop, cost, cough, shot, shock, chop, jog, jot, rock, frock, frog
Positional length
odd on off sob song sop
pod pong pot sod sol sock
bog bomb [bPm] box fog vol fox
tog Tom toss wad wan what
dog doll dock cod con cot
nod non not god gone got
log loll lock rod wrong rot
lodge long - loss
Polysyllabic words
Stressed position
object, office, opera ['Pprq], omelet ['PmlIt], olive ['PlIv], orange, obstacle ['Pbstqkl], body, sorry, 'volume, rocket, wallet, donkey ['dPnki], nonsense, lobster, socket, shot-gun, offspring, hobby,
honour ['Pnq], hockey, knowledge, follow, concrete ['kPNkrJt], oddity, omnibus, office, opposite, origin, obviously, 'obstinacy, communism, document, mockery, politics, follower, honesty, monologue ['mPnqlPg], god-mother, popular, holiday, horrible;
for'got, prolong [prq(V)'lPN], apology [q'pPlqGi], exotic, autonomy [L'tPnqmi], 'hobnob
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Unstressed position
monsoon [mPn'sHn], hobgoblin ['hPb"gPblIn], dry-bob, wedlock, letter-box, door-step, somewhat, apricot ['eIprIkPt], everybody, dialogue ['daIqlPg], catalogue ['kxtqlPg]
Positional length [L] ‑ [P] ‑ [L] ‑ [P]
cord cod cork cock
dawn don dorsal dotter
poured pod sport spot
fawned fond forks ‑ fox
board bod port pot
Words with [L] and [P]
Orthodox ['LTqdPks], orthography [L'TPgrqfi], orthophony [L'TPfqni], concord ['kPnkLd], corridor ['kPrIdL], moratorium ["mPrq'tLrIqm], hobby-horse, door-knob
Opposition [L] [P]
morse moss wharf [wLf] waff
stork stock wart what
order odder corn con
porter potter court cot
naught not wrought [rLt] rot
sword [sLd] sod short shot
[A]
Spelling
‑ u ‑ but, sun, must, hurry, currant; undo ["An'dH], unknown ["An'nqVn]
‑ o ‑ son, come, done, one, mother, tongue
‑ ou ‑ country, enough, young, cousin
‑ oo ‑ blood, flood
Also: does [dAz]
Monosyllabic words
un, up, pun, putt, bush, bulb, bulge, mud, must, mutt, tub, ton, tusk, dove, dusk, nun, numb, none, nut, lull, love, bluff, some, son, sum, fund, won, one, hut, hush, come, cuff, gun, shut, chum, judge, just, jug, rum, rough, rub, rust, young
Positional length
pub pun puff sub sung suck
buzz bun bus fuzz fun fuss
bug bung buck hug Hun Huck
mug among much cub come cup
tug tongue tuck cud cull cut
does dull dusk rudd run rut
dug dung duck rug rung ruck
lug lung luck thug thumb [TAm] thus [DAs]
Polysyllabic words
Stressed position
udder, ugly, ultra, umbra, unco ['ANkqV], usher, utmost ['AtmqVst], curry, hurry, brother, other, thorough ['TArq], stomach ['stAmqk], wonder, honey, money, southern ['sADqn], lovely, worry, nothing, function, hunger ['hANgq], hundred, mustard, drugstore; utterly, ultimate ['AltImqt], underground, ulcerate ['AlsqreIt], company, wonderful,
bungalow ['bANgqlqV], coverage ['kAvqrIG];
a'mong [q'mAN], e'nough [I'nAf], a'bundance [q'bAndqns], a'nother [q'nADq]
Unstressed position
unhappy ["An'hxpi], uneasy ["An'Jzi], umbrella [Am'brelq], upholder [Ap'hqVldq], upturn [Ap'tE:n], unkind ["An'kaInd], umbilic [Am'bIlIk], Hungarian [hAN'geqrIqn], golf-club, step-mother
[R]
Spelling
‑ a ‑ after, cask, past, grass, father, chance
‑ ar ‑ car, far, part
‑ al ‑ calm, palm, calf, half
‑ au ‑ laugh, draught [drRft]
Also: heart, hearth [hRT], clerk [klRk], repertoire ['repqtwR], moustache [mq'stRS]
Monosyllabic words
ask, aunt, part, parse, barn, balm, barque, mark, mast, March, tar, task, tart, darn, dark, dart, large, laugh, farm, farce, vast, valse [vRls], vase [vRz], harp, harm, harsh, calm, cars, guard, garb, shark, sharp, charge, jar, yah [jR], yard, yarn
Positional length
are arm art lah lard lark
par palm park far farm fast
spar parse [pRz] spar ha hard heart
bar bard bart car card cart
mar marl mask char charm chart
star starve - start
Polysyllabic words
Stressed position
army, armour, answer ['Rnsq], arbour, archway, starlet, carbon, varmint, darling, hardship, father, sharpness, martyr ['mRtq], starboard, partner, drama, rather, afternoon, armament, architect, argument, article, gardener, cardinal;
a'larm, armada [R'mRdq], a'partment, mou'stache [mq'stRS], ba'zaar [bq'zR], gui'tar [gI'tR], de'mand, re'mark, com'mand [kq'mRnd], e'xample, dis'armament, em'balmer [Im'bRmq], to'mato [tq'mRtqV]
Unstressed position
car'nation [kR'neISqn], bar'barity [bR'beqrIti], dairy-farm, hand-craft, 'boulevard ['bHlqvRd]
Opposition [A] ‑ [R]
duck dark hum harm fun farm
dunce dance hash harsh buzz bars
done darn muck mark bun barn
tusk task musk mask puck park
tut tart buck bark cut cart
must mast lust last stuck stark
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luck lark bud bard lover larva
cud card much March fluster plaster
cup carp come calm muster master
fuss farce stuff staff cover carver
cuff calf shut sharp cutter carter
budge barge hut heart upper after
chum charm cluck clerk summer farmer
Back vowels oppositions
[A] [P]
cut cot dull doll duck dock
hut hot bug bog hug hog
gun gone sung song muddle model
putt pot rung wrong hut hot
rub rob luck lock suck sock
dug dog cuff cough bus boss
[L] [R]
port part cord card torn tart
court cart jaw jar tore tar
core car more mar stork stark
bore bar score scar board bard
store star four far dawn darn
story starry horde hard taught tart
form farm born barn forced fast
[R] [P]
dark dock darn don part pot
lark lock heart hot harp hop
shark shock barks box arks ox
sharp shop dart dot clerk clock
mark mock card cod guard god
last lost cart cot tart tot
barb Bob cast cost stark stock
[H] [V] ‑ [L] [P] ‑ [A] [R]
cooed could cord cod cud card
coot cook court cot cut cart
poop put port pot putt part
boot bull board Bob bud bard
stoop took stork stock stuck start
fool full fall doll done darn
pool pull Paul pong bun barn
wooed would ward watt one vase
Mixed Vowels
[E:]
Spelling
‑ er ‑ term, serve, permanent
‑ ear ‑ heard, earth, pearl
‑ ir ‑ fir, girl, first
‑ yr ‑ myrtle, syrtis
‑ ur ‑, ‑ urr ‑ fur, burn, nurse, purr
‑ wor ‑ work, worm, word
‑ our ‑ journal, journey, scourge
Also: 'amateur ['xmqtE:], at'torney [q'tE:ni], 'colonel ['kE:n(q)l], "connois'seur ["kPnq'sE:], were [wE:]
Monosyllabic words
earl, urge, irk, purse, burn, birth, mirth, myrtle, turn, stern, dirt, nerve, nurse, learn, sir, serve, search, firm, fern, verse, worse, worth, world, heard, curl, scourge, girl, shirt, third, church, germ
Positional length
err earn earth fur firm first
purr purge pert her hurl hurt
spur spurred spurt were word work
her heard hurt fir firs firth
bur bird burst cur curd curt
sir serve surf bur burn burp
stir term turf blur blurb blurt
Polysyllabic words
Stressed position
early, earnest, earner, 'ermine ['E:mIn], urgent, urchin, earthquake, murder, version, service, 'circuit ['sE:kIt], curtain, 'surface ['sE:fIs], workshop, surgeon, 'mermaid, Thursday, purpose, turkey, circus, thirsty, "un'certainly, 'certify ['sE:tIfaI], perfectly, lurking-place, 'circumstance ['sE:kqmstxns];
pre'fer, re'turn, re'serve, oc'cur, in'fer, trans'fer, up'turn, con'cur, re'search, dis'turb, in'terpreter, con'verter, in'sertion, im'personal, de'sertion [dI'zE:Sqn], ex'cursion, ab'surdity [qb'sE:dIti], eternity, re'hearsal [rI'hE:sql]
Unstressed position
'foreword, 'cockspur, 'outburst, 'nightshirt, 'upsurge, 'schoolgirl, 'night-work, 'adverb, 'sunburn, 'bookworm, thir'teen
[E:] [L]
bird board shirt short furl fall
burn born purr paw whirl wall
sir saw bur bore herd hoard
fur for pearl pall learn lawn
stir store turn torn hurl hall
mirth morse work walk Turk talk
curd cord word ward firm form
curt court sir sore fern fawn
pert port curs cause cur core
[E:] [e]
turn ten person pension earl ell
bird bed heard head Bert bet
further feather burst best world weld
circular secular dirk deck curtain kettle
dirt debt fern fen learnt lent
hurl hell germ gem burned bend
worst west erg egg word wed
[q]
Spelling
Note: spelt with almost any vowel letter or combination of vowel letters
‑ a(r) ‑ a'bout, ad'dress, 'grammar, sonant, logical, 'equal, forward, ca'nary, woman, capable
‑ e ‑ letter, student, president
‑ i ‑ 'possible ['pPsqbl], 'holiday ['hPlqdeI]
‑ o ‑ of'fence, cor'rect, po'tato
‑ u(r) ‑ sup'port, pur'suit, sur'vive
‑ er ‑ teacher, after
‑ or ‑ director, doctor
‑ ure ‑ picture, future, furniture
‑ ou ‑ nervous, dangerous
‑ our ‑ favour, colour, honour
