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. Linux. Windows, . , , . , . , , .

, Linux, , . Linux , , . . 1 , ( , : bash csh) Linux.

Linux , . Lmux , /bin/sh GNU, bash (GNU Bourne-Again SHell). bash 3, , POSIX.

 

. 1. Linux

 

 

, ( ) Linux.

, , :

$ ls -l > lsoutput.txt

ls lsoutput.txt.

, . C , 0 , 1 , 2 . . , , , , : 0, 1 2.

>. , , . >>. ,

$ ps >> lsoutput.txt

ps . $ Linux.

> , . 2, 2>. , .

, kill . , , kill. , kill , . , kill .

$ kill -HUP 1234 > killout.txt 2>killer.txt

.

, >2 . ,

$ kill -1 1234 > killerr.txt 2>41

. . " killerr.txt, , ". , , .

kill , . , " " Linux, /dev/null, :

$ kill -1 1234 >/dev/null 2>fil

 

. $ more < killout.txt

 

|. , sort ps.

, , :

$ ps > psout.txt

$ sort psout.txt > pasoirt.out

:

$ ps | sort > pssort.out

, , , more:

$ ps | sort | more

, , . :

$ ps -x comm | sort | uniq | grep -v sh | more

ps, , uniq, grep -v sh sh . , , .

 

. .

.

, , posix. grep , :

$ for file in *

> do

> if grep -l POSIX $file

> then

> more $file

> fi

> done posix

This is a file with POSIX in it - treat it well

$

, $, , >, . , , , .

grep , posix, more . . , , . i, file .

( ). , * - , , ? . {} , . ,

$ ls my_{finger, toe}s

my_figers my_toes .

. , , .

 

, , . mc . mc Shift+F4. first :

#!/bin/sh

# first

#

# POSIX, .

for file in *

do

if grep -q POSIX $file

then

echo $file

fi

done

exit 0

# . # . #! /bin/sh ; #! , , . /bin/sh , .

exit , . , , , . , .

. - , .

; Linux UNIX, , .

 





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