.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


3.

8.

 

.

.

 

: 1. :

/ . ...- .: , 1981.

2. , : /

.., .. .; . . ..-

. .: , 1991.

 

, . , :

 

0 + 0 = 0 0 0 = 0
0 + 1 = 1 0 1 = 0
1 + 0 = 1 1 0 = 0
1 + 1 = 10 1 1 = 1

 

 

, - () . , , , .

, .

 

, . .

: = 27 = 9.

 

(2) = 11011, [ ] = 0.11011,

(2) = 1001, [ ] = 0.1001,

 

, , ( 1 , , 1 ).

 

[ + ] = 0.11011

+

0.01001

1.00100

 

, , . , . , :

 

[ + ] = 0.011011 = 0.100100.

+

0.001001

0.100100

 

, + = 100100(2) = 36(10). .

 

 

 

( ). , , , . , , ( 1).

 


1

 

, . , .

 

1. , , .

, .

 

( ) . . , .

 

2. , , . ( ).

 

, , ( ), .

.

 

: = 11 = -13,25 .

(2) = 1011; [ ] = 0.1011,00; [ ] = 0.1011,00

(2) = -1101,01; [ ] = 1.1101,01; [ ] = 1.0010,10

 

[ + ] = 0.1011,00 = 1.1101,10.

+

1.0010,10

1.1101,10

 

[ + ] = 1.0010,01.

 

, + = -10,01(2) = -2,25(10). .

: = 11 = -13,25 .

(2) = 1011; [ ] = 0.1011,00; [ ] = 0.1011,00

(2) = -1101,01; [ ] = 1.1101,01; [ ] = 1.0010,11

 

[ + ] = 0.1011,00 = 1.1101,11.

+

1.0010,11

1.1101,11

 

[ + ] = 1.0010,01.

 

, + = -10,01(2) = -2,25(10). .

, , . , 0, , , 1. .

, . , , , .

:

1. . 2 .

2 :

0 Å 0 = 0;

0 Å 1 = 1;

1 Å 0 = 1;

1 Å 1 = 0.

 

2. :

) () 1, , 0 ;

) 1, , , 0 ;

) ) n 1 , n .

3. , .

 

: = 18 = -5,5.

 

(2) = 10010; [ ] = 0.10010;

(2) = - 101,1; [ ] = 1.101,1.

 

:

 

0 Å 1 = 1.

 

:

 

101,1

+

10010

+

00000

+

10010

1100011,0

 

:

 

[ ] = 1.1100011, = - 99(10).

 

 

 

, , , , . . , ( , ). , .

. , . :

1. ½ ½ < ½ ½. , , , .

2. , . , , ( 0), ( 1).

3. , 2 .

4. ( ). ( ).

5. (D1). (D1 > 0), 1, (D1 < 0) 0.

. , , , .

6. (D2). (D2 > 0), 1, (D2 < 0) 0.

. , , , .

, , .

7. ( ). , .

 

: = -7 = 1,2.

.

½ ½ > ½ ½, 10. = 12.

(2) = - 111; [ ] = 1.111;

(2) = 1100; [ ] = 0.1100; [ ] = 1.0100.

 

1 Å 0 = 1.

 

.

, [ ] = 1.0111.

 

1.0111

2

0.1110

+

1.0100

0.0010 D1 > 0 (1)

0.0100 2D1

+

1.0100

1.1000 D2 < 0 (0)

1.0000 2D2

+

0.1100

1.1100 D3 < 0 (0)

1.1000 2D3

+

0.1100

0.0100 D3 > 0 (1)

.. .

:[ : 10 ] = 1.1001; (: 10 ) = - 0,1001(2) = - 0,5625(10).

: : » - 5,625.

 



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